Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Pregnancy induces significant hormonal alterations, potentially affecting thyroid hormones. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted, including 197 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM, under the care and monitoring at the Diabetology, Endocrinology department in Farhat Hached university Hospital, Sousse Tunisia. Our population underwent an evaluation to assess their thyroid function. Exclusion criteria included individuals with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction before the onset of pregnancy.

Results: The average age was 34±5 years. Pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) averaged at 27±6.02 kg/m². No cases of hyperthyroidism were identified. Hypothyroidism was observed in 4% of patients. Among patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the average TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) level measured at 6.1 mU/l. The anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti TPO Ab) tested positive, in one patient with hypothyroidism. Age exhibited a significant positive correlation with hypothyroidism (P=0.039). While there was no statistically significant difference in the average HbA1C (P=0.488). Patients with higher pre-gestational BMI displayed an elevated risk of developing hypothyroidism (P=0.026).

Conclusion: The prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women diagnosed with GDM underscores the imperative for proactive and comprehensive screening strategies. Early detection and management of hypothyroidism during gestation are paramount in mitigating potential obstetric and fetal complications, prioritizing the optimal health outcomes for both the mother and fetus.