Endocrine Abstracts

JOINT4003

Introduction: Hypertension(HTN) and type2 diabetes(T2D) are often associated and have a bidirectional relationship. On one hand, T2D increases the risk of HTN due to vascular damage caused by glucotoxicity. On the other hand, HTN exacerbates diabetic complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HTN in T2D patients and its characteristics based on gender.

Methods: A study was conducted on 70 T2D patients, divided into two groups: Group1(G1) with 35 women and Group2(G2) with 35 men, matched by age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c levels. HTN was defined as persistently elevated blood pressure(BP) measured in a medical office, with systolicBP (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP(DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg.

Results: The average patient age was 56.7 ± 7.5 years. The average diabetes duration was 11.7 ± 5.1 years, and the mean HbA1c was 10.2 ± 1.1%. The mean body mass index(BMI) was 30.26 ± 6.4 kg/m² in women and 26.24 ± 5.68 kg/m² in men. Average SBP and DBP in women were 137.7 ± 14.3 mmHg and 78 ± 9 mmHg, higher than in men(130 ± 14.9 mmHg and 76.8 ± 8.6 mmHg, respectively). HTN prevalence was 51.4% in G1, while in G2, 45.7%. The most prescribed antihypertensive drugs in G1 were ACE inhibitors (34.3%), calcium channel blockers(CCBs) (17.1%), angiotensin II receptor blockers(ARBs) (14.3%), thiazide diuretics(8.6%), beta-blockers(5.7%), and centrally acting antihypertensives(CAD)(5.7%). In G2, ARBs were the most prescribed (22.9%), followed by CCBs(20%), ACE inhibitors(14.3%), thiazide diuretics(11.4%), beta-blockers(8.6%), and CAD(2.9%). Monotherapy was the most common prescription(G1: 25.7%; G2: 17.1%), followed by dual therapy (22.9%) and triple therapy(2.9%) in women, whereas in men, triple therapy(8.6%) was the second most frequent, followed by dual therapy(14.3%). In G2, but not in G1, HTN was significantly associated with coronary artery disease(P = 0.02), nephropathy(P = 0.00), peripheral neuropathy(P = 0.017), and microalbuminuria(P = 0.00). In both groups: no significant association was found between HTN and autonomic neuropathy(P = 0.19), stroke(P = 0.526), or peripheral artery disease(P = 0.785), however, HTN was correlated with BMI(P = 0.00) and retinopathy(P = 0.022).

Conclusion: In hypertensive T2D patients, monotherapy was the most common treatment. ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and calcium channel blockers were the most frequently prescribed drug classes. HTN appears to be a stronger risk factor for coronary artery disease, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy in men, while retinopathy was a shared risk factor in both genders among T2D patients.