Endocrine Abstracts

IntroductionPituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare medical emergency caused by acute haemorrhage and/or infarction within a pituitary or usually pituitary tumour. Typically, PA is characterised by severe headache, visual fields defects, decreased visual acuity, cranial nerve palsies and hypopituitarism. However, many patients present with mild or ambiguous signs and symptoms or even PA is an incidental radiological finding.Aim<p cla...

Background: Gastrinoma is a functional neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) most commonly located in the duodenum (70%) and the pancreas (25%). The initial confirmation of NEN’s secretion profile does not exclude the possibility of a new hormonal activity of the tumor occurring in the course of the disease. Ectopic Cushing syndrome has been described in up to 5% of gastrinoma cases and hypercortisolemia may worsen the patient’s prognosis.Case presenta...

BackgroundPituitary carcinoma (PC) is a very rare clinical entity, which is defined as a pituitary tumor that has metastasized to sites distant from the pituitary. It may present as hormone-secreting, invasive and recurrent macroadenoma causing a mass effect.Case presentationWe present a 58-years old male patient with corticotroph pituitary carcinoma and brain metastases who underwent 9 neurosurgical interven...

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. 10–20% of the PC patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that has no curative therapies. There are also no effective prognostic markers to predict emergence of CRPCs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a recently found group of RNAs that are not translated into proteins. Many of them are found to be differentially expressed in cancer, and shown to have a regulative ro...

Bile acids are endocrine molecules that in addition to facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients regulate numerous metabolic processes, including glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. The actions of bile acids are mediated through specific bile acid-activated nuclear and membrane bound receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Bile acid signaling is modified by interactions with gut bacteria which metabolize primary bile...

Food intake is centrally regulated in hypothalamic nuclei. Peripheral hormonal signals activate their corresponding receptors in the arcuate nucleus (arc) and modulate the expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropetide Y (NPY)/agouti-related-protein (AgRP). Cleavage products of POMC stimulate melanocortin-4-receptors (MC4R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to inhibit food intake or stimulate MC3Rs in the arc to activate a feedback loop. Further mor...

Background: Obesity is a rising problem in developed and developing countries. Currently little is known about prevalence and prognosis of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents in Europe.Patients and methods: About 491 obese children (mean-age 11.2 years; mean-BMI 30.3 kg/m2) were examined (lipid-profile; blood pressure, insulin-resistance1) and in 102 of them with risk factors for type 2 diabe...

Background: Guidelines in healthcare shall be evidence-based, satisfy patients’ needs and improve patients’ outcomes. We aimed to estimate incremental costs after the introduction of a national guideline for Graves’ disease in Sweden adding the Graves’ Recurrent Events After Therapy (GREAT) score with genetic determinants to predict recurrence, a thyroid nurse, calcium-D-vitamin treatment preoperatively, and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins.<p class=...

Background: Mental fatigue, depression and anxiety are common in Graves’ disease (GD). Our aims were to assess the relationship between these variables among GD patients both in the hyperthyroid phase and after treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in these symptoms are unknown and so is if previous psychiatric disease influences these symptoms.Methods: This was a longitudinal case control study in Göteborg, Sweden, on 65 women with new...

Objectives: Clinical studies indicate that primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with dysregulated bone homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of hip fractures in patients with PA.Methods: We studied a nationwide cohort of 2419 patients with PA (1997-2019) and 24 187 age and sex matched controls from the general population. Hip fractures were identified by ICD codes in the Swedish National Patient Register. We estimated hazar...