Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Overweight and obesity are an increasing concern for public health worldwide. Obesity is a chronic, progressive and relapsing disease associated with the development of several comorbidities which may improve after weight loss. The first step in the management of weight excess includes life-style modifications but, in the long-term, obesity is frequently resistant to life-style changes only. Surgical procedures and medical treatments have, therefore, been developed...

Background: Intranasal steroids are commonly used for allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps as they are considered safe in terms of long-term adverse effects profile due to favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics as compared to other oral and inhaled steroids. Some are also available over the counter without prescription.Case: We report a patient with iatrogenic Cushing”s syndrome and secondary adrenal insufficiency due to chronic in...

Hyponatremia due to water intoxication is often associated with mental disorders like schizophrenia and psychosis. Patients usually present with headaches, seizures and altered consciousness. The mainstay treatment in these cases is fluid restriction. A 31-year-old man was brought to the hospital following a fall and disorientation. He had a history of Schizophrenia which had been well controlled on risperidone. A few weeks before this presentation, he drank about 20 litres of...

Introduction: Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is a common feature in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), involving mostly cortical site. In the management of asymptomatic PHPT (aPHPT), guidelines indicate measuring BMD at lumbar spine, hip and forearm and surgery is recommended for patients with a T-score of −2.5 or less at one of these sites. However, BMD at forearm is not always performed.Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the impact o...

Introduction: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis is controversial. Both Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM have been associated with higher risk of fractures, whereas BMD is increased in Type 2 and decreased in Type 1 DM. In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) a higher prevalence of Type 2 DM has been found but the influence of DM on BMD is unknown.Subjects and methods: In a consecutive series of 262 patients with PHPT (age, mean±S...

Aim: It is common practice to administer peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) at fixed injected activity (IA) per cycle. This results in highly variable radiation doses to critical organs and undertreatment of most patients. We conceived a personalized PRRT (P-PRRT) system enabling delivery of a prescribed dose to the kidney over four cycles. Our goal was to assess the potential of P-PRRT to safely increase radiation dose rate to tumors, by performing a simulation in a...

There are growing evidences suggesting the existence of intra-tumor heterogeneity within the same patient, leading to a different genetic pattern between primary tumour and metastases.We report a paradigmatic example of genetic heterogeneity in thyroid cancer (TC). A 42 years old female patient was submitted, for a follicular TC, to total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy followed by radioiodine residue ablation in late 1999. In 2000 and 2001 diagnostic ...

Deep Transcranical Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) is a non-invasive modulation technique of cortical excitability that has shown to affect the mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopaminergic pathways. Consistent with these assets, dTMS is widely used as a therapeutic tool in neuro-psychiatric disorders associated with abnormal cortical excitability and dopaminergic activity, as addiction. Hence, considering the dysfuncional role of PFC and dopaminergic reward system in controlling appet...

Introduction: According to the DSM-5, gender dysphoria (GD) is defined as a distress that results from an incongruence between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s gender identity. This condition may require gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), in order to reduce distress. GAHT, however, is not free from side effects and it could increase the risk of onset of new pathological conditions.Aim of the study: To evaluate cardiovascular comorbid...

Introduction: Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic condition characterized by the association of anosmia or hyposmia and GnRH deficiency resulting in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). Different genes can be implicated in KS, and the most frequent allelic variant occurs in the KAL1/ANOS1 gene in the X-linked form. Differential diagnosis is often made with other rare genetic diseases as CHARGE syndrome (CS) that includes hypogonadism, hyposmia and several organ defe...