Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Improved diagnostic precision is achieved with the addition of transcription factor (TF) analysis to characterise pituitary tumours. Clinicopathological studies have demonstrated a reduction in the prevalence of true null cell tumours (NC) and a rise in plurihormonal (PH) tumours, in comparison to methods based on hormone staining. There remains a high degree of heterogeneity in epidemiological and clinical patterns seen in studies. We hypothesise that variations i...

Introduction: Pituitary tumours may express somatostatin receptors (SSTR), which are a potential drug target to achieve tumour reduction and control of hormone secretion. There is a well-established role for somatostatin analogues in the management of acromegaly and Cushing’s disease. The recent 2022 WHO classification of pituitary tumours provides a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of pituitary tumours, allowing identification of additional morphological subtypes....

Background: Rapid progression of corticotroph tumours can occur after bilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of Cushing’s disease. There are currently no guidelines to assist with management of aggressive cases of Nelson’s syndrome, particularly after surgery and radiotherapy.Clinical case: A 53 year old woman presented with classic clinical features of hypercortisolism. Initial investigations showed a markedly elevated 24 hour urine cortisol le...

Background: Corticotroph tumours are a heterogenous group of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) in terms of their histological type, clinical presentation and tumour behaviour. These tumours are overrepresented in recurrent PitNETs and pose an important clinical and therapeutic challenge1. Although risk factors such as radiological invasion and elevated proliferative markers have been identified for PitNET recurrence, an improvement in proposed prognostic mo...

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) that cause acromegaly are often collectively categorised as ‘growth hormone (GH) secreting adenomas’. The 2022 WHO classification however identifies 7 histological variants that can secrete GH: densely granulated somatotroph (DGST), sparsely granulated somatotroph (SGST), mammosomatotroph (MST), mixed somatotroph and lactotroph (MSLT), mature plurihormonal PIT1 (MPPT), immature PIT1 (IPT) and acidophil stem cell ...

Background: Secondary malignant sarcoma in the sella after radiotherapy for pituitary tumours is rare. Osteogenic sarcoma arising within the fossa after pituitary irradiation has only been described in a few case reports.Clinical Case: A 31-year-old male patient without significant medical History presented in 2012 with bitemporal hemianopia. There were no associated headaches or clinical features of excess hormone secretion. MRI demonstrated a 26×3...

Extracellular proteolytic cleavage of insulin receptor (IR) and the generation of soluble insulin receptor (sIR) is a response of the liver and fat associated with physiological conditions and metabolic alterations mainly related to hyperinsulinemia. However, cleavage of this receptor has not been analyzed in skeletal muscle, a central tissue in insulin-mediated glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to analyze the insulin receptor subunits in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscl...

Abstract: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is characterized by isolated GnRH deficiency in the absence of central anatomical causes. Classically considered to be a permanent disorder, CHH reversal has been reported in up to 15% of cases. However, reversal may not always be life-long, as hypogonadism relapse can occur in a subset of patients. Criteria for reversal normalization of circulating sex steroids, and spontaneous fertility. We report a 26-yrs-old man, who...

Background: Dopamine agonists are the mainstay of treatment for prolactinomas. Cabergoline (CAB) is preferable to bromocriptine due to its greater efficacy and better tolerability.Subjects and methods: The aim of this retrospective open trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of CAB in a cohort of 160 patients with prolactinomas routinely followed in Pernambuco Endocrine Research Center and Division of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clinicas, Fe...

Background: Growth hormone secreting pituitary gland adenomas specifically express somatostatin (SST)-2 and SST5 receptors. First-generation somatostatin analogs (octreotide and lanreotide) are the mainstay in the medical treatment of acromegaly, however the percentage of patients controlled with these drugs significantly varies in the different studies (20–70%). Many factors are involved in the resistance to SRL somatostatin analogs such as sst, AIP, E-cadherin, ZAC1, fi...