Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Global mean surface air temperatures have risen by about 1 °C in the past century and are projected to increase by another 1–6 °C by 2100 depending on greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of the increase in mean temperatures, heatwaves have become more severe, frequent, and prevalent. Heat exposure in ambient temperature is associated with all-cause diabetes mortality and all-cause hospitalisation in people with diabetes. However, there is a pauci...

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Myocardial dysfunction may develop without ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension, or valvular pathologies, and which is defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although the pathophysiology of DCM is unclear, DCM is initially characterised by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodelling, and associated diastolic dysfunction, later by systoli...

The Src substrate associated in mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68) is a KH-type RNA binding protein that has been shown to regulate several aspects of RNA metabolism. The tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 was shown to negatively regulate its RNA binding activity and hence it was termed a Signal Transduction Activator of RNA (STAR) protein. Although KH-type RNA binding domains are known to mediate specific protein-RNA interactions, their RNA targets remain elusive. Nevertheless, Sam68 h...

In the past decades, glucocorticoid (GC) hormones and their cognate, intracellular receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been well established as critical checkpoints in mammalian energy homeostasis. Whereas many aspects in healthy nutrient metabolism require physiological levels and/or action of GC, aberrant GC/GR signalling has been linked to severe metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Consequently, molecular mechanisms w...

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Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT) has only recently become an emerging topic in both medical and basic research. As secretory cells found either packed or scattered within the BM, these adipocytes are likely contributors to haematopoiesis- or bone- related diseases. Indeed, clinical studies have consistently reported that BMAT amount is associated with bone loss in diverse types of osteoporosis such as that of ageing, post-menopause and anorexia nervosa. Since BM adipocytes an...

Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose) is the most important acute side effect of insulin and insulin secretagogue therapies for diabetes mellitus. The initial response to a threat to the circulating glucose concentration is cessation of endogenous insulin and stimulation of pancreatic glucagon release – neither of which happen in insulin deficient diabetes. Patients with diabetes depend on other autonomic and most importantly symptomatic responses to defend against falls in b...

Kisspeptin is an undisputed regulator of sexual maturation and reproductive function across mammalian species. Mutations in human patients in either kisspeptin and/or its receptor are rare in number but prismatic in scope and have led to unique genotype/phenotype and structure/function correlations. Mice with targeted deletions of either kisspeptin or its receptor have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the physiology underlying this critical pathway in reproduct...

The complications of endocrine-metabolic disorders among women of reproductive age, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), are cascade of events leading to cardiovascular diseases, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma that often necessitates organ transplant. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been shown to be protective against metabolic assaults. However, its role in hepatic glucolipid regulation...

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 2013 50 375–387. DOI: 10.1530/JME-12-0219...