Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are heterogenous group of irreversible chemical moieties originated from non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The engagement of AGEs with their chief cellular receptor (RAGE) activates signaling pathways contributing to the progression of chronic diseases like autoimmune thyroiditis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) prevents AGE-RAGE interaction in a ...

The neuroendocrine tumor of thymus (TNET) is an extremely rare disease. It can occur sporadically or as a part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1) syndrome. TNET may secret hormons (ectopic ACTH production). It is a potentially malignant tumor which often develops distant metastases. Its prognostic factors are the tumor size, histological grade, Ki67 index, paraneoplastic symptoms, surgical resection and Masaoka staging. The options for treatment are radical surgery, ch...

The polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS) comprise a wide spectrum of autoimmune disorders and are divided into a very rare juvenile (type I) and a relatively common adult type with (type II) or without adrenal failure (PAS III). For PAS II/III, susceptibility genes are known inreasing the risk for developing autoimmune disorders, but without being causative. Actual diagnosis of PAS involves serological measurement of organ-specific autoantibodies and subsequent functional ...

Background: Although the role of hypermethylation of certain tumor suppressor genes are known in pituitary adenomas little information is available regarding whole methylation-demethylation status and especially regarding its correlation with clinical parameters. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is an easy and accurate method to detect the level of methylcytosine (5 mC) and the demethylation intermedier hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) ...

Thyroid cancers represent ~1% of new cancer diagnoses. Thyroid malignancies are divided into papillary carcinomas (80%), follicular carcinomas (10%), medullary carcinomas (5–10%), anaplastic carcinomas (1–2%), and other rare tumours (primary thyroid lymphomas and primary thyroid sarcomas). The main therapeutic options are surgery (mainly total thyreoidectomy), radioiodine treatment, levothyroxine therapy (TSH suppression dose), others (external beam irradiation, chem...

Insulin resistance affects 50–70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance by different methods in a single cohort of 63 PCOS patients diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria.Methods: Anthropometric measurement, examination and fasting blood tests were made on the 3–5th days of their periods. HOMA-IR (cut off >2.5) and QUICKI (cut off <0.3...

Introduction: Hypophysitis is an inflammatory disease of the pituitary that may mimic tumors. Primary hypophysitis has been classified as lymphocytic (LH), granulomatous (GH), and xanthomatous (XH). It has been recently proposed to be an IgG4-related autoimmune disease (serum IgG4 concentration: 135 mg/dl), proven by tissue IgG4 immunostaining.Case description: A 23-year-old men suffered from typical cluster type headache. Two years after the first sympt...

Introduction: Hypophysitis is an inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland that may mimic pituitary tumors clinically and radiologically. Primary hypophysitis has traditionnaly been classified as lymphocytic (LH), granulomatous (GH), and xanthomatous (XH).Case description: We report on a case of a xanthomatous hypophysitis initially diagnosed as pituitary adenoma. A 23-year-old men suffered from typical cluster type headache. Two years after the first ...

Introduction: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 is a rare congenital disease with genetic background. The MEN-1 gene encodes menin protein, that acts as a tumor suppressor. Mutation of one allele and the inactivation of the other allele of this gene lead to clonal proliferation and to the development of tumors. The clinical manifestation of MEN type 1 is a combination of endocrine (parathyroid adenomas, entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pituitary tumors) and non...

Adrenocortical cancer is a rare and heterogenous malignancy with incompletely understood pathogenesis and poor prognosis. Sometimes patients present with hormonal excess symptoms (e.g. virilization, Cushing’s syndrome) or local symptoms consistent with abdominal space-occupation (median tumor size at the time of diagnosis may be >10 cm). Three cases are presented to give an overview of how adrenocortical cancer is currently managed. Tumors typically appear inhomogenou...