Endocrine Abstracts

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) remains a debatable entity in terms of diagnosis and management. However, the finding of primary hypogonadism (PHG) in ageing men, in the absence of organic cause, provides an unequivocal biochemical diagnosis. Indeed, it has been established in European Male Ageing Study (EMAS) that PHG, and not secondary hypogonadism, is strongly associated with advanced age and multi-comorbidities. That would be consistent with the underlying pathophysiology of...

Case history: We have previously presented the case of a 31 year lady presenting with a seizure following exercise with a blood sugar of 1.4 mmol/l on a background of an 8 month history of episodic slurred speech, blurred vision and hunger relieved by eating in 2011.Investigations: Investigations confirmed an insulinoma and imaging, including Ga68 DOTATATE PET CT identified a lesion in the tail of the pancreas with multiple liver metastases. M...

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a group of rare hereditary diseases caused by tissue resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH), there are two main types I and II. Type I is divided into subtypes. The authors present a case of PHP Ib, with hypocalcemia (level of total calcium 1.41 mmol/l), accidentally detected at childbirth. After the unsuccessful treatment of hypocalcemia, the etiology was considered, but the confirmation of the diagnosis were not adequately tightened. Due to...

Background: Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours arising in the autonomic nervous system, which can secrete excess catecholamines, causing cardiovascular complications. Malignancy occurs in up to 23% of paragangliomas, resulting in a poor prognosis with a 5-year mortality of 43–63%. There’s a limited evidence base for their treatment, with no official guidelines. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) is a proven treatment for neuroendocrine tumours o...

Women worldwide are using progestins in combination with an estrogen to relieve menopausal symptoms. Although the progestin component of menopausal hormone therapies is effective in terms of preventing estrogen-induced endometrial cancer, it has been associated with an increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer. Notably, most studies investigating an association between progestins and breast cancer, have examined older progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate, n...

Introduction: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is considered the reference standard to select patients with unilateral aldosterone producing adenoma for adrenalectomy. Recent studies debated the “mandatory” need for AVS before adrenalectomy. We report our experience from a tertiary hospital in Asia on the treatment outcomes of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who underwent adrenalectomy without AVS compared to those who had successful AVS....

Introduction: Hypokalemia is considered as a late manifestation of primary aldosteronism (PA), long preceded by hypertension. However, there have been reports of normotensive PA patients presenting with hypokalemia. This study aims to examine the relationship of hypokalemia and blood pressure in patients with hyperaldosteronism.Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent saline infusion test (SIT) from 2014 to 2016 was conducted. All patien...

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia accelerates endothelial damage and vascular inflammation caused by proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which leads to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is reported to mediate TNFα-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and expression of vascular adhesion molecules. Although a few clinical trials have suggested that telmisartan, an a...

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia accelerates endothelial damage and vascular inflammation caused by proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which leads to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is reported to mediate TNFα-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and expression of vascular adhesion molecules. Although a few clinical trials have suggested that telmisartan, an a...

Breast cancer is the most common oncology-related cause of death in women worldwide. The use of progestins in combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been implicated in increasing the risk of developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Since various progestins are available for clinical use, all differentiated by structure, it is possible that not all progestins would lead to increased breast cancer risk. Progestins are synthetic ligands of the progesterone recept...