Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is independently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease caused mainly by early development of vascular changes leading to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common complications However, the exact correlation between glycemic control and the risk of developing CAD remains unclear. This study sought to assess the correlation of glycemic control and risk of developing CAD in South Indian ...

According to the recent Diabetes Atlas published by the international diabetes federation, globally there are 366 million people with diabetes. The number projected for India was 61.3 million people with diabetes. The recent Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study which is one the first of its kind to provide accurate and comprehensive state and national level data on diabetes prevalence in India, confirmed that there are 62.4 million people with ...

Puberty is a tightly regulated process by which an individual attains reproductive capability. An intricate network of central and peripheral factors has been described to play a role in this process; however, the mechanism triggering puberty onset remains largely unknown. Recently, the neuropeptides kisspeptin (encoded by Kiss1) and Neurokinin B-NKB- (encoded by TAC3 in humans and Tac2 in rodents) have been placed as essential gatekeepers of puberty onset. Studies in humans a...

Perceived anabolic benefits of androgens and GH have fueled their abuse among both competitive and recreational athletes. While both hormones increase muscle mass, whether they enhance exercise capacity in healthy adults is less clear. The yearning to boost performance however continues to bolster their inappropriate use in sports, despite many adverse effects. These include acne, excessive hair growth, prostate hypertrophy, behavioural, psychiatric, cardiovascular side effect...

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic renal insufficiency and later end-stage renal failure; on the other hand, chronic renal disease has been linked with alterations in carbohydrate and insulin metabolism. The pharmacokinetics of various insulin preparations has not been well studied in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction. There exist sparse guidelines regarding appropriate dosing adjustment of insulin. Further, chronic renal insufficiency is associat...

Recent advances in genotyping technologies combined with large scale recruitment of case–control cohorts have enabled the development of the genome-wide association (GWA) study design. As a consequence of this ongoing work, 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 53 chromosome regions have now been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk (see www.t1dbase.org). These findings provide an unbiased assessment of the genetic...

The adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement in hypothyroid subjects has long been debated. A proportion of subjects on thyroxine report not achieving their pre-disease level of well-being and evidence from community studies suggest impaired well-being in subjects on thyroxine compared to the general population. Our work on the large HUNT 2 cohort from Norway confirms this and furthermore revealed that subjects on thyroxine have a different relationship between TSH and well-bei...

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Ghrelin is the brain-gut peptide with growth hormone (GH)- releasing and appetite-inducing activities. Reviewed experimental evidence confirms the role of endogenous ghrelin in regulating GH secretion while studies in humans still fail to pinpoint the exact role of ghrelin in GH secretion. Accumulating evidence supports that ghrelin/GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) axis contributes to the maintenance of body weight. Evidence suggest the role of environmental factors modulating...

Apart from some protective roles, the primary function of human hair is to communicate information about a person's age and state of sexual maturity. Therefore, major differences from the norm, such as hirsutism and balding, often cause psychological distress.Androgens are the main regulator of changes in human hair growth. They stimulate the production of pigmented terminal hair in many areas after puberty, including pubic and axillary hair in both sexe...