Endocrine Abstracts

Estrogen Receptor (ER) is the defining feature of luminal breast cancers, where is functions as a transcription factor. ER requires associated proteins to interact with the DNA, including the pioneer factors FoxA1 and GATA3, both of which mediate where in the genome ER resides. In the absence of FoxA1, ER binding and transcriptional activity is diminished, even in endocrine resistant contexts. We have utilized ChIP-seq in primary tumor material, coupled with functional analysi...

Estrogen receptor (ER) is the defining feature of luminal breast cancers, where it functions as a transcription factor. ER requires associated proteins to interact with the DNA, including the pioneer factors FoxA1 and GATA3, both of which mediate where in the genome ER resides. In the absence of FoxA1, ER binding and transcriptional activity is diminished, even in endocrine resistant contexts. We have utilized ChIP-seq in primary tumor material, coupled with functional analysi...

Estrogen receptor (ER) is the defining feature of luminal breast cancers, where is functions as a transcription factor in response to the ligand estrogen. The traditional view of ER getting recruited to promoters of target genes is too simplistic. The recent discovery of ER–DNA interaction regions from ER+ breast cancer cell lines has revealed that ER rarely associates with promoter regions of target genes and instead associates with enhancer elements significant distance...

Estrogen receptor (ER) is the defining feature of luminal breast cancers, where is functions as a transcription factor in response to the ligand estrogen. The traditional view of ER getting recruited to promoters of target genes is too simplistic. The recent discovery of ER-DNA interaction regions from ER+ breast cancer cell lines has revealed that ER rarely associates with promoter regions of target genes and instead associates with enhancer elements significant distances fro...

Understanding transcription factor activity is critical for defining mechanisms of gene regulation in disease. The traditional view of transcription factors getting recruited to promoters of target genes is too simplistic. We now know that many transcription factors regulate genes from enhancers or cis-regulatory elements that are in some cases, significant distances from the target gene. Furthermore, we know that much of the human genome can be transcribed under one condition...

Germ cell-somatic cell communication in the ovary is essential for follicle and oocyte development. This communication may take place via gap junctions or via paracrine mediated signalling through the secretion of growth factors. Over the past ten to fifteen years there has been a major change in how the oocyte is perceived within the context of the ovarian follicle. The original view of the oocyte as a passenger benefiting from the nutrients provided by gap-junction coupled s...

Case history: 58 year old man presented with collapse secondary to profuse water diarrhoea. He had severe AKI, hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis, hyponatraemia and hypercalcaemia. He had fluid and electrolyte replacement he in ICU, but profuse diarrhoea persisted and with it, was in hypotension and delerium. He had been having progressive diarrhoea and weight loss for 2 years while he was in South Africa.Investigations: Upper and lower GI endoscopies had ...

A 25-year lady was referred to GSTT for further management of thyrotoxicosis as she had relocated to London. The patient developed thyrotoxicosis during her pregnancy at the age of 23. During her pregnancy, she had significant weight loss. Her thyroid function test in September 2020 showed TSH 0.04 mU/lwith FT4 of 24.1 pmo/land TSH receptor antibody of 1.35 U/l. Hence she was started on propylthiouracil (PTU) during pregnancy. PTU was titrated down based on biochemical respons...

Background: Although early studies with IPSS reported a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity approaching 100%, additional experience has revealed a false negative rate of 1–10%. Previous studies have suggested that the measurement of other anterior pituitary hormones may be useful as a guide to the effectiveness of cannulation and to improve diagnostic accuracy.Method: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed all patients who had undergone ...

SB, a 54-year-old male, was diagnosed with NF1 aged 11 on the basis of multiple café au lait spots and neurofibromas. In 1991 he presented with diarrhoea and weightloss and investigations revealed a duodenal mass and suspected hepatic metastases. Somatostatin levels were elevated, and histology confirmed a duodenal somatostatinma following Whipple’s procedure in 1991. The hepatic metastases were excised with good results. At follow up, SB remained symptom free treate...