Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: The coexistence of two types of tumors of different origins in the same thyroid is a rare phenomenon. Its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. We report the case of a mixed papillary and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid revealed by a compressive goiter.Case report: A 70-year old woman with a history of right lobo-isthmusectomy for a toxic solitary adenoma, presented 30 years later with a chief complaint of a cervical mass accompanied by diff...

Background: Thyroid malignancy is the sixth common cancer type in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where its incidence is increasing worldwide. There are no epidemiological data outlining the prevalence of cancer in thyroid nodules, nor previous analysis of ultrasonographic features correlating with thyroid malignancy in the UAE.Aim: To report the prevalence of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodules and correlate it with demographic data. A secondary aim is...

Objectives: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the initial investigation of choice for thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System (B) classifies thyroid cytological patterns into six categories (B1-6) according to risk for malignancy.Methods: A total of 1113 patients (210 males/903 females) underwent FNAB for the same number of thyroid nodules. Their mean age was 56.2±21.6 years±S.D. We correlated the demographic profile (age and ...

Background and aim: In the general population, the frequency of thyroid micronodules is increasing and the prevalence of malignancy is higher in nodules at this size. The ultrasonographic features of these nodules are neither spesific nor sensitive Elastography gives information about the degree of hardness at the tissue level and provides assessment of malignancy risk of the nodule. The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of elastography in patients with ...

Purpose: Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma and represents approximately 80% of all thyroid cancers. The aim of the study is an evaluation of the treatment results of micropapillary thyroid carcinoma by the radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma T1aN0M0 with wild type of BRAF (V600E) were included in this research: 12 women and 2 men. The median age of the...

Background: The BRAFV600E mutation is the most common mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Its presence has been associated with extrathyroid invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor recurrence. Recently, assessment of the BRAFV600E mutation status in patients with PTC has been used as a method to predict tumor aggressiveness.Objective: Our aim has been to analyze the prevalence of BRAFV60...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the commonest endocrine malignancy. Apart from genetic role in its pathogenesis, autoimmunity has been implicated in certain papers. But, reports have been tripolar ranging from causative, protective and neutral role of immunomodulation. In this context, we set out study the role of Pro- inflammatory cytokines in PTC in South Indian population.Material and methods: This prospective case-control study was...

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism have been reported rarely together. Whether the association is coincidental or results from an underlying unique genetic process is difficult to ascertain.Case description: We report a case of a 59-year-old woman without a family history who had a personal history of multinodular goiter known for the ten last years and pheochromocytoma diagnosed and operated in 20...

Introduction: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) have been conjectured to arise from well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) due to frequently reported synchronous and metachronous occurrence. We demonstrate the simultaneous presence of divergent histological subtypes in a single thyroid gland, with escalating loss of p53 expression in more aggressive variants.Material and methods: A 60-year-old mal...

The aim of this study was to investigate: the incidence of postoperative paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and hypocalcemia; the frequency of incidental parathyroidectomy and the occurrence of hypocalcemia, and to find possible risk factors for hypocalcemia and RLN paresis.Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of 550 patients after total thyroidectomy (TT) or completion thyroidectomy (CT) after histologically confirmed thyroid carcino...

Introduction: Guidelines suggest that serum basal (nonstimulated) thyroblobulin (bTg) with sensitive assays (Functional Sensitivity-FS- below 0.1 or 0.2 ng/ml) could substitute the measurement of serum Tg levels after TSH stimulation during the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) when basal results fall below the FS.Objective: A sensitive assay for Tg was incorporate in our center (Chemiluminiscent Tg Access; Beckam Coulter; Br...

Objectives: Detection rate of thyroid nodules is increasing with use of new imaging modalities, like 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). To avoid unnecessary operations, differentiating between benign and malignant 18F-FDG PET/CT-positive thyroid nodules is essential. Many authorities recommend fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for exclusion of malignancy in thyroid nodules. Although FNAB is a simple, easily performed proc...

Here we present a case of follicular thyroid cancer with elevation of thyroglobulin (Tg, in ng/ml) detected almost 10 years after initial surgery and radioactive iodine therapy (RAI). The elevated Tg persisted for years before he was found to have a metastasis in his kidney 16 years after his initial cancer treatment. A 78 year old male had a total thyroidectomy followed by RAI therapy in 2001 for a 2.4 cm follicular thyroid cancer. His Tg became mildly elevated in 2009, and c...

Background: The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer and the mechanisms through which platelets can influence the aggressive behaviour of different types of cancer have been highlighted by a few studies.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the files of 493 patients submitted to thyroidectomy in our surgery department between 2012 and 2015. We assessed the relationship between differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and mean platelet volume (MPV...

Aim: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) comprises the most common endocrine malignancy, featuring very good prognosis and 5-year survival rate of nearly 100% after total thyroidectomy. However, the prevalence of incidental thyroid microcarcinoma (mITC) is continuously rising during the last decade. One obvious reason is the high prevalence of total thyroidectomy (TT) as the preferred operation for otherwise benign nodular or diffuse thyroid diseases. The current retrospec...

Aim: Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, presenting a rising incidence during the last decade, due to continuously rising prevalence of incidental thyroid microcarcinomas (mITCs; ≤1 cm) in benign thyroid diseases treated with total thyroidectomy (TT). Solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is a thyroid condition, which remains under debate regarding the extent of thyroidectomy needed (total or near-total thyroidectomy vs unilateral lobectomy). Objective o...

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), especially its classic papillary, oncocytic, Warthin-like, tall and columnar cell variants, is characterized by a high frequency of BRAFV600E mutation that varies in different studies from 36 to 85%. Prognostic significance of the mutation remains controversial.Objective: Aim of the study was an analysis of relationship between clinical, morphological and prognostic characteristics of PTC with BRAFV600E asse...

Background: In January 2018, the 8th edition of the AJCC/TNM staging system for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was introduced in clinical practice. Studies evaluating this 8th edition so far only comprised patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) or made no distinction between PTC and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic value of the AJCC/TNM 8th edition in a European population with DTC, and subsequently distinguished PTC and FTC pa...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reference values of quantitative shear wave elastography (SWE) for cervical lymph nodes with normal ultrasound characteristics, and assess if there are differences according the location and other characteristics of patients.Methods: 67 cervical lymph nodes from 52 patients with thyroid nodules that were diagnosed previously as different thyroid disease had been imaged with SWE. The shear elasticity modu...

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate ABO blood groups and Rh factor in patients with thyroid cancer. We also assessed whether the ABO/Rh factor had any effect on prognosis, agressive features and advanced stage of thyroid malignancies.Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent thyroidectomy between December 2006 and September 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographical and clinical features, cytological results (according to Bethesda c...

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), which is one of the most aggressive endocrine tumors. Primary thyroid carcinoma typically does not interfere with thyroid function and presentation of ATC with thyrotoxic state is extremely rare. We present here an ATC patient who is complicated with thyrotoxicosis.Case: A 69-year-old man presented with neck swelling and pointed out thyroid tumor with calcification two years ago. He appeared general fatigue...

Introduction: The standard treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with distant metastasis comprises complete total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection, followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for metastatic lesions. However, between 2014 and 2015, sorafenib and lenvatinib have been approved for treatment of RAI-refractory advanced thyroid cancer in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed how the treatment results have changed after the approval of tyrosine k...

Introduction: Angiogenesis is known to play an important role in the development, growth, and metastasis of carcinomas. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) are major molecules involved in angiogenesis. The VEGF family includes seven members, respectively named VEGF-A (often simply denoted as VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, VEGF-F, and placental growth factor. The VEGFR is a tyrosine kinase receptor with one to three types and is activ...

Introduction: Treatment options for progressive metastatic unresectable medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or somatostatin analogues (SSA), although the efficacy of the latter is debatable. In such cases, combined treatment of TKIs and SSAs has not previously been reported.Aim: To present a metastatic MTC case successfully treated with a combination of Vandetanib and Lanreotide Autogel.Case ...

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most frequent malignant endocrine neoplasia. Its incidence has significantly risen worldwide in the last decades.Objective: To estimate the incidence of thyroid cancer in Valladolid’s east area population, Spain, over the period 2002–2016.Methods: A retrospective descriptive research was performed in the Clinical Universitary Hospital of Valladolid (HCUVa). Clinical data was obtained fr...

Aim: Postoperative calcitonin (postCT) is a prognostic factor for disease progression in MTC patients. We evaluated the disease course in patients with persistently elevated post-CT.Methods: Of all MTC patients (n=273) followed-up in our Unit (for 1–37, median 7 years), 140 (39.3% men, 67.1% sporadicMTCs) had persistently elevated postCT (≥2.0 pg/ml). Clinical and biochemical data were recorded. Patients were classified in four groups...

Background and objective: The incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is increasing worldwide. Radioiodine (RAI) ablation is one of the main elements in the therapy of DTC after surgical removal of the gland. This study aims to compare the use of I131 in a Spanish Cohort of DTC before and after the American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2009 guidelines.Patients and methods: The Cadit-CAM study was designed to evaluate retrospectively characterist...

Introduction: Despite numerous studies, the biological association between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of the study was to assess whether the presence of CLT exerts any influence on clinical or histological presentation of DTC.Materials and methods: Complete medical records of 907 consecutive patients with DTC treated at a single tertiary care department of endocrinolo...

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed of follicular thyroid carcinoma and to study factors that are associated with a worse prognosis of the disease.Methods: We included 153 patients diagnosed of follicular thyroid carcinoma in our centre between January 1985 and December 2016. The baseline characteristics of the patients, and their long-term outcomes were collected. The mean follow-up was 15.2 yea...

Introduction: Lymphoma usually occurs within lymph nodes, but in rare cases, it arises from lymphocytes that are presented within the thyroid gland. Thyroid lymphoma is rare, representing less than 5% of thyroid malignancies and less than 2% of all lymphomas occurring outside of the lymph nodes and it is more likely to occur in people with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In this case we present a patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid lymphom...

Background: Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer may be attributable to sensitive diagnostic tools as well as changes in exposure to certain environmental factors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) reaches high prevalence worldwide. DM is a risk factor for many chronic disorders including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental aspect of the etiology of DM and compensatory hyperinsulinemia could promote cancer growth. The association between D...

Background: It is currently present in the literature that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects are associated with a great number of diseases including cancers. The role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations/variations in the development of thyroid cancers is a highly controversial topic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mt-DNA control region (CR) variations in thyroid tumor occurrence and the influence of mtDNA haplogroups on susceptibility t...

Introduction: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease presenting with hyperthyroidism. In Graves’ disease, there may be diffuse enlargement in the thyroid gland, as well as nodular appearance. The risk of papillary carcinoma should always be kept in mind while the risk of malignancy is low in Graves’ disease.Case presentation: A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our center for a second-time exacerbation of hyperthyroidism in 2015....

Introduction: BRAF V600E substitution is one of the most common mutation in PTC in different populations, and is associated with poor prognosis of the classical variant of PTC (CVPTC) such as extrathyroidal expansion, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and recurrence of the disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of BRAF V600E mutation in subcell- types of the PTCs in Turkish population.Materials and methods: A total of 19...

Statement of the problem: Thyroid nodules are one of the most common clinical problems encountered today. Detection of these nodules have been augmented with ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Worldwide, the use of international standards of reporting such as the American Thyroid Association (ATA) Sonographic Pattern Risk Assessment and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology have been proven to detect thyroid malignancies. However, ultra...

Introduction: Despite its high vascularity, metastases to the thyroid is rare. The frequency of metastasis in routine practice is less than 0.2% of thyroid malignancies.Clinical case: An ambulatory 48-year-old male presented with a two-month history of enlarging anterior neck mass that moves with deglutition, slowly growing in size, associated with hoarseness later in the course of the disease. He had no pertinent past medical history. Fine needle aspira...

Introduction: Follow up of differentiated thyroid cancer requires periodic measurements of thyroglobulin (Tg) and Tg autoantibodies (TgAb) and neck ultrasound. Recurrence is suspected in presence of rising levels of Tg and/or TgAb. Positive cytology or detectable Tg in washout of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of neck lymph nodes or 131-I neck uptake confirm the diagnosis of metastatic lymph node.Case report: We report on a 25 year-old Caucasian man, affec...

Introduction: Many recent studies have shown that detection of an incidental thyroid cancer among patients operated for a toxic thyroid disease is not infrequent. We aimed to compare cytology and histopathology results of cold, warm and hot nodules in patients who had thyroidectomy due to toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG).Methods: The cytology, histopathology and scintigraphy records of 1069 thyroid nodules from 413 patients who had operation with TMNG we...

Current guidelines suggest sonographic follow-up in thyroid nodules smaller than 10 mm with intermediate or highly suspicious features as ultrasound-guided FNAC has poor results in these nodules, and the risk of non-diagnosed thyroid carcinoma is very low. CNB has proved superior to repeated FNAC in case of insufficient or indeterminate first FNAC.Objective: Evaluate diagnostic accuracy of CNB in nodules smaller than 10 mm with intermediate or high suspi...

sTg is universally accepted as the best marker of disease status in DTC. Its presurgical serum level may suggest the presence of distant metastasis in case of very high level, but the correlation between its level and the characteristics of the tumour is yet to be defined.Objective: To evaluate preoperative thyroglobulin as predictor of DCT features.Methods: Preoperative sTg was measured in patients operated for DTC between 2011&#1...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) represent up to 87% of all thyroid cancers with an incidence that has doubled over the past 30 years. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease are two autoimmune thyroid diseases representing the most common causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. Although PTC with coexisting HT has been reported in literature, its association with GD is not a common condition. Herein, we report three cases ...

BIOMAT-ENDO software is a Windows Forms application that stores all the main data regarding the patients with thyroid cancer (TC) hospitalized in the Nuclear Medicine Department of the National Institute of Endocrinology in Bucharest, starting with the first hospitalization, continuing with the periods of radioiodine therapy (RIT) and the follow up. Patient-monitoring MODULE contains clinical parameters, surgery details, in Vivo and in Vitro investig...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy which has often metastasised at time of diagnosis. Surgical resection represents the only prospect for cure. However, debulking neck surgery may be beneficial in advanced cases. Prophylactic surgery is increasingly undertaken in asymptomatic patients with known mutations in the RET oncogene. The aim was to describe the outcome following initial surgical treatment for MTC at our institution. We performed a retrospe...

Objectives: In the last decades, thyroid cancer incidence has increased all over the world. This may be due to heightened medical surveillance and more addressability to surgery, as many cancers are diagnosed while under 1 cm. The aim of our study was to obtain data about the prevalence and histological subtypes of primary thyroid carcinoma in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed the files of 953 patients w...

Introduction: Familial follicular cell-derived tumors may account 5–15% of thyroid carcinoma cases. Defined as the attainment of two or more first-degree relatives by thyroid cancer in the absence of a known familial syndrome. When three or more family members are affected, the probability that the disease has a familial origin is 99.9%. We report the case of a family of 4 siblings affected.Observation: – Patient aged 43 years, without a person...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma and is derived from thyroid follicular cells which originate from the endodermal origin. In contrast, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is rare and originates from the parafollicular C-cells, which are commonly thought to be derived from the ectodermal neural crest. Co-incidence of the two condition on the same patient is so rare. We describe a case of concurrent MTC and PTC occurring in the s...

Introduction: Synchronous medullary thyroid cancer and pHPT is common in MEN-2A (Sipple syndrome). In contrast, concomitant nonmedullary thyroid cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is very rare even if the pathological relationship between parathyroid and thyroid diseases is common.Aim: Was to determine the prevalence of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma in patient who underwent neck exploration for PHPT.Patients and method...

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) is a tumor developed at the expense of the thyroid parafollicular cells, and secretes the polypeptide hormone calcitonin. It is known as an aggressive tumor that metastasizes early. Case Report: We describe a case of a 57 year-old women, who presented a neck mass, for which she underwent a total thyroidectomy associated to a bilateral neck dissection and was diagnose as MCT. Post operatively calcitonin remained elevated (19000 pg/ml). C...

Introduction: The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (MPT, max diameter≤10 mm) has increased in recent years. Most have a very good prognosis but some have growth during follow-up, lymph node and / or distant metastases.Material and methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study, n=114 patients (86% women, average age 48.3 years), diagnosed with MPT between 1998 and 2012. Risk stratification system (ATA 2015): 10 high...

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the mainstay diagnostic procedure for evaluation of thyroid nodules, but it doesn’t permit to distinguish between benign and malignant follicular lesions (category IV in the Bethesda Cytopathology System). Some reports have suggested an association between increased serum levels of TSH and thyroid cancer. However, the specific relationship between TSH and malignancy has been scarcely studied in follicu...

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of Incidental Thyroid Nodules (ITN’s) on Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the chest, assess variation in reporting by radiologists and to apply recent guidance to assess which nodules may require further investigation. We performed a retrospective review of 742 CT scans which included the chest performed in a regional hospital. Thyroid abnormalities were reported in 9.8% (n=76) of CT scans. There was consi...

The recently (2015) revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of differentiated thyroid cancer recognise the importance of histological subtype in risk stratification. The prevalence of thyroid cancer subtypes in an Irish population is unknown. We reviewed all histology reports of thyroid carcinoma from a quaternary referral centre over a 10 year period, 2005 to 2015. 675 reports were reviewed. Of these, 87% were reported as papillary thyroid cancer (P...

Introduction: The role of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) as primary or as adjuvant therapy in the non-undifferentiated thyroid cancer (NUTC) is controversial. Most published data refer to retrospective case series. Therefore, little is known about the correlation between tumor markers and radiologic measurements of tumor response.Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the kinetics of tumor markers and radiologic measurement of tumor response after EBR...

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the diameter and volume of thyroid cancer nodules identified using fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or surgery, and to compare the changes in size between thyroid cancer nodules and benign nodules. The secondary aim was to analyze the risk factors associated with thyroid cancer nodule growth.Methods: A total of 96 patients with 102 nodules were enrolled in the cancer group, and 98 pati...

Background: The risk of thyroid cancer in large thyroid nodules greater than 4 cm has been reported to be increased. Some authors insist that diagnostic lobectomy should be performed in patients with large thyroid nodules, irrespective of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) results. However, consensus on that matter has not been met. We wanted to investigate the risk of thyroid malignancy according to the size of the thyroid nodules, based on FNA results.<p class="abstex...

Introduction: Despite low mortality rates of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), disease progression in PTC occurs in up to 20% of patients. Currently, recurrence risk stratification is accomplished by using clinicopathologic factors, despite their limited prognostic value. Some data suggest that patient age at disease onset and primary tumor size may predict the risk of disease progression. Identification of possible associations of traditional clinicopathologica...

Introduction: Evidence supports the prognostic value of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) for recurrent and persistent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The correlation of ps-Tg with therapeutic response however has been less studied.Objective: To study the correlation of ps-Tg and the trend of serial preablative thyroglobulin measurements(DTg) with the response to treatment restaging system proposed in 2015 America...

Aims: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare endocrine cancer that accounts for approximately 5% of all thyroid cancers. Both the diagnosis and management of MTC could be difficult. Surgery is a main therapy in MTC, chemotherapy and external radiotherapy have limited efficacy. Recently, the relationship between some of the hemocytometer parameters and cancer has been investigated. In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between MTC and hemocytometer parameter...

Introduction and objectives: The strategies for therapy of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are limited. Although Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) seem to be the first-line treatment, we want to explore other possibilities. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a guanethidine derivative, structurally similar to norepinephrine. It was developed as an imaging agent with 123I radiolabeling. MIBG localizes neuroendocrine tumors including MTC. We are investigatin...

The aim of this study was the assessment of diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy needle washout fluids (FNAB-Tg) in the cases of thyroid carcinoma recurrence and analysis of false-positive and false-negative results.Methods: Two hundred and fifteen FNAB-Tg samples from 201 patients with a history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with suspicious lymph nodes were included in analysis. The wash-out of needle rinsed with 0.5ml of normal sal...

Background: The main limitation of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is represented by indeterminate category (Bethesda III and IV) in which the risk of malignancy is between 5-30%. Given this result, surgical treatment is necessary in many cases. The aim of our study is to assess whether the ultrasound patterns proposed by the ATA, help us to stratify the risk of malignancy in nodules with Bethesda IV cytology result.Methods: From January 2011 to June 2017 w...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) have always been considered different tumors. Concomitant presence of MTC and PTC in the same patient is a rare clinical event.Case report: A 43 year-old woman admitted with fatigue, a serum thyrotropin of 4.6 uIU/ml and a 15×11 mm thyroid nodule in right lobe detected in another center. Fine needle aspiration(FNA) of the nodule was consistent with MTC. In family his...

Objetive: The aim of our study is to asses the validity of ultrasound patterns proposed by the ATA and malignancy risk in the cytological diagnosis classified by the Bethesda System.Methods: Prospective study including all thyroid nodules (with no previous cytological results), assessed in our center from July/2016 to June/2017. We classified nodules in ATA sonographic risk patterns and follow-up its fine needle aspiration (FNA) recommendations. The stat...

Introduction: The American College of Radiology proposed in 2017. ACR-TIRADS scoring system for the ultrasound findings of the thyroid gland. It now represents a standardized system of scoring pathological changes determined from five categories registered with ultrasound. High cumulative result leads to higher TR level and the higher probability of malignancy, which provides recommendations for eather FNA (fine needle aspiration) or further ultrasound monitoring of nodules as...

Introduction: Lithium is the preferred and most efficacious therapy for acute and maintenance therapy of bipolar depressive disorder. Lithium use is associated with an increased incidence of hyperparathyroidism (4.3–6.3%) and have a female preponderance. Bilateral neck exploration was the most common surgical approach while a few patients were managed medically. The initial management of Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LAH) is medical intervention which includes d...

Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents is a rare disease but with an increasing incidence. As in adults, the most prevalent type is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Our aim was to describe the clinical and genetic comparison between pediatric and adult PTC. We analyzed the cohorts of 73 pediatric PTC (5-18 years, female to male ratio 2.3:1, 10 patients <10 years) and 460 adult PTC patients. DNA and RNA were extracted from cancer tissue samples. DNA was used for seque...

Purpose: Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of endocrine system. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein that has a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Osteopontin has other roles in cell migration and cell survival and its related to tumorigenesis and cell invasion. Osteopontin levels have been determined higher in some malignancies. The purpose of this study is to determine plasma osteopontin levels in patients with new onset diagnosed thyroid c...

Introduction: The number of thyroid cancer diagnosis has increased worldwide. However, its diagnosis, particularly in a case of follicular cancer (FTC), may be challenging. New markers of malignancy are intensively searched for.Case description: A 29-year-old female was referred for subtotal thyroidectomy in 2006 due to a nodule in the right lobe. The histopathological examination revealed follicular adenoma (FA). During endocrinological follow-up, in 20...

Objective: To report a rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC).Case report: A 34-year-old peruvian male came to our hospital with a complaint of a swelling cervical mass in the anterior central side of the neck, which was growing since 6 months earlier. The patient had no significant past medical, surgical history and was completely asymptomatic. He denied any family history of thyroid disease or history of head ...

Introduction: Various thyroid imaging reporting and data systems (TIRADS) have been proposed in recent years, such as the EU-TIRADS proposed by the European Thyroid Association (ETA). These classification systems intend to estimate the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules, however they are very much based on suspicious ultrasound (US) features typical of papillary thyroid cancer. As such, follicular carcinomas may be reported as low suspicion nodules. Our work aims to evaluate t...

Introduction, material and methods: Differentiated thyroid cancer is a pretty common reason for consulting in our specialty. In general terms, the prognosis is good in the main histological type but there are many others that can worsen the prognosis. It can determine the kind of surgery from hemithyroidectomy (e.g. microcarcinoma) to no intervention because of its extension at the moment of diagnosis. We have collected the data of our patients with differentiated thyroid canc...

Introduction: Thyroid ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration (FNA) are the most useful techniques in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. They are cheap, fast, minimally invasive and high precision methods. The FNA can be performed by palpation or ultrasound guidance. The use of ultrasound reduces the nondiagnostic results rate. However, the cytologic diagnostic accuracy depends on the technique and pathologist experience. Ultrasonography confirms the presence of a thyroid n...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a differentiated thyroid carcinoma and is the most common variant. It is more frequent in women and the median age at diagnosis is 45 years. Most PTC are clinically indolent, have a good prognosis and low incidence of distant metastases. The more frequent locals of distant metastases are bone and lung. Brain metastases are very rare and associated with a poor prognosis.Case report: We present a case of a...

Introduction: Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare embryonic developmental defect that occurs during the thyroid transition from its initial position in the floor of the primitive bowel to a pre-tracheal location. This defect has a prevalence in the general population of 0.3–1/100,000 inhabitants, increasing to 0.5–1/4,000 patients with thyroid pathology. It is more common in women and can be diagnosed at any age, with diagnosis being more common in young individuals.</p...

Introduction: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used for treatment of iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in patients with progressive advanced disease.Sorafenib and lenvatinib are the TKIs currently approved for this indication.Objective: To describe the clinical experience in patients with iodine-refractory DTC treated with TKIs in our Institution.Materials and methods: Restrospective cohort study of patient...

Background: Plasma TSH is a fundamental marker of thyroid function. The TSH level might be different depending on nodule’s type. Recent studies have shown a relationship between plasma TSH levels and thyroid nodules malignancy. The aim of this study was to compare the TSH level between two groups of subjects who had undergone total thyroidectomy, one group whose final histology was benign and one group who had a malignant histology.Materials and met...

Introduction: Lenvatinib is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown substantial efficacy in patients with progressive radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer (RAIRDTC) (progression free survival (PFS) 19.4 months and objective response rate 64.8%; SELECT trial) despite common adverse events (AEs).Objective: To evaluate efficacy and toxicity of lenvatinib treatment for RAIRDTC in daily clinical practice.Methods: Retrosp...

Introduction, material and methods: Papillary thyroid cancer is well known to be a tumour with a good prognosis; in spite of that, it usually presents many recurrences that increases its morbidity. Follicular thyroid cancer is less frequent but has a higher rate of hematogenous dissemination and higher mortality than papillary thyroid cancer. We have collected the data of our patients with differentiated thyroid cancer during the period from 2000 to 2015. In this study, we hav...

Background: Insular carcinoma of the thyroid is an extremely rare tumor (4% of cases) with a poor prognosis and an intermediate malignancy between differentiated and anaplastic cancers. The aim of this study was to define the particular points of this cancer by studying its diagnostic and prognostic aspects.Materiel et methods: Retrospective study was conducted in Endocrinology and diabetology department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, in...

Introduction: Although thyrotoxicosis is considered to be a very rare finding in a patient with thyroid cancer, there are several reports regarding this unexpected association in specialty literature. A frequent cause of thyrotoxicosis in patients with cardiac disease is amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. The mechanism underlying this adverse reaction can be attributed to high iodine content and the direct toxic effect of the drug on thyroid cells.C...

Background: Differentiated adolescent and young adult thyroid cancers are under diagnosed. They would be characterized by their aggressiveness and the presence of particular histological forms. The aim of the study was to define the particular points of thyroid carcinoma in this population by analyzing the clinical, histological and therapeutic characteristics.Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in the endocrinology and diabetology ...

Introduction: Thyroid cancer incidence has registered an important increase in the last years. Anaplastic thyroid cancer represent a rare malignancy with an aggressive biological behavior and a high mortality rate.Case presentation: We present the case of a 69-years-old woman who addressed our department for endocrine evaluation in the context of a right latero-cervical lymph nodes, complaining of mixed dysphagia and dyspnea, that developed progressively...

Introduction: RET mutation is a well-known pathogenic event in medullary thyroid cancer. However, less than 25% of MTC cases present a germline mutation. First grade relatives of the patients with germline RET mutations may undergo genetic counselling and prophylactic appropriate therapeutic intervention.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the most frequent pathogenic RET exon 11 mutations and SNP in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).<p clas...

Background: The aim of our study is to show the evaluate relationship between cytological feature of thyroid nodule and TSH level.Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the usefulness of serum TSH levels as a predictor of thyroid cancer.Methods: Patients with thyroid nodule(s) who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonographic guidance in a Clinica of Administration of the President of the RF were consecutively eval...

Introduction: Thyroid carcinoma is more frequent in women of childbearing age. It can alter both fertility and pregnancy’s course.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy’s influence on thyroid carcinoma’s prognosis as a factor of recurrence or progression.Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study concerning 30 pregnant patients followed for thyroid papillary carcinoma w...

Introduction, material and methods: The BRAF isoform of RAF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer, but not of benign or follicular neoplasms. Also, BRAF mutations may confer a worse clinical prognosis than for papillary thyroid cancer without the BRAF mutation. Recurrence occurs more frequently when BRAF mutations are present. In addition, BRAF mutations are associated with extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node me...

Introduction: Retrospective analysis has shown that approximately 17–84% of patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism have a concomitant thyroid disease. However, it still remains controversial whether these two pathologies happen coincidental or are caused by specific risk factors or genetic changes. In this study we aimed to evaluate concurrently detected thyroid pathologies in patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.<p class="abstex...

Introduction: Association between primary hyperparathyroidism and nodular thyroid disease is well recognized, this is mainly due to the high prevalence of this disease. However, association between thyroid carcinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism is less common.Observation: Fifty-two years old patient with a history of renal colic and upper limb spontaneous fracture was followed for multinodular goiter evolving for 20 y...