Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Hypercalcemia has a broad differential, including primary hyperparathyroidism, non-parathyroid hormone-mediated hypercalcemia, including humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, or medication mediated. We report a case of severe hypercalcemia attributable to milk-alkali syndrome due to excessive calcium carbonate use.Case: A 71 year-old female with a history of hypertension presented after a fall without loss of consciousness. She endorsed epis...

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial, affected by obesity, blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The therapeutic effects of GLP-1 in managing BP and increasing satiety promoting weight loss prove beneficial against these risk factors. This literature review aims to assess current evidence on the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for T2DM treatment.Methods: A PubMed literature search over the p...

Background and aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires daily self-management to mimic endocrine function, using numerical skills such as carbohydrate counting and interpreting nutritional information. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) rely on effective communication to relay information to people with T1DM to enable good self-care. Curricula for diabetes self-management education (DSME) courses require high-school level numerical skills. Eighty percent of adults in the Un...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy. ACC may rarely occur as part of familial cancer syndromes, but the majority of the cases occur sporadically. A significant proportion of sporadic ACC cases may be preceded by other malignancies and adrenal metastasis from these primary tumours may frequently occur. Herein we present three cases where sporadic ACC was identified in patients with coexistent or previous history of melanoma.Case ...

The thyroid gland functions in supplying thyroid hormones (TH) to the body periphery, which is enabled by cathepsin-mediated thyroglobulin proteolysis and TH translocation across membranes by the Mct8, Mct10, and Lat2 transporters. Previously, we showed that cathepsin K-deficient mice feature normal thyroid phenotypes which is, in part, due to the functional compensation through cathepsin L upregulation that is independent of the classical hypothalamus–pituitary–thyr...

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Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene predispose to early onset pituitary adenoma, with a preponderance of somatotrophinomas. Patients harbouring an AIP mutation respond poorly to somatostatin analogue (SSA) treatment. On the other hand, a subset of sporadic somatotrophinomas with no AIP mutations show low AIP protein expression and exhibit a decreased response to SSA treatment as well. microRNAs are small...

Background: In a phase 3b, open-label study (NCT02354508) assessing efficacy and safety of long-acting pasireotide in patients with uncontrolled acromegaly after ≥3 months of treatment with first-generation SSAs, 18/123 (15%) patients achieved the primary endpoint of mean growth hormone (mGH) <1.0 μg/l and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) <ULN (upper limit of normal) at week 36. Here, we present the results from the extension phase of this study.<p c...

Introduction: The present study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pasireotide-long-acting release (LAR) in patients with acromegaly inadequately controlled after &gE;3 mo treatment with the maximal approved doses of first-generation SSAs.Methods: Phase IIIb, multicentre, single-arm, open-label study.Patients: Adults (N~112) with inadequately controlled acromegaly (mean GH>1 μg/l and IGF-1>1.3xULN) desp...

Introduction: The ideal strategy and the role of the different therapeutic options in acromegaly remain unclear. This research focuses on observing treatment options, and the respective level of disease control in acromegaly.Methods: A retrospective chart audit was conducted in US, France, Italy, and Brazil (September 2012). 97 endocrinologists completed structured case report forms for the 4 most recently-seen patients (two with somatostatin analogues (...