Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder of thyroid gland and is the first cause of hyperthyroidism. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is the most used second- line treatment after failure of anti-thyroid drugs. The optimal RAI’s activity to be administered may be predetermined or calculated. Whether the latter is better is still a matter of debate.Aim: To compare the risk of persistent hyperthyroidism in GD patients treated wi...

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are modern antineoplastic molecules widely used in the medical treatment of many cancers including iodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcer (DTC) and advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). In patients with thyroid gland, TKIs frequently cause a destructive and/or autoimmune thyroiditis with consequent hypothyroidism. However, authors have reported unexpected TSH increase or hypothyroidism even in patients with total thyroi...

Thyroid hormone is a major determinant of tissue functions in vivo. Within the tissues, cells are not passive players in the process of hormonal signaling since they can actively customize hormonal action. Triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone is produced predominantly outside the thyroid parenchyma secondary to peripheral tissue deiodination of thyroxine (T4), with <20% being secreted directly from the thyroid. Upon entering the cells via specific tran...

Thyroid hormone is a major determinant of tissue functions in vivo. Within the tissues, cells are not passive players in the process of hormonal signaling since they can actively customize hormonal action. Triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone is produced predominantly outside the thyroid parenchyma secondary to peripheral tissue deiodination of thyroxine (T4), with <20% being secreted directly from the thyroid. Upon entering the cells via specific tran...

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Thyroid hormones (TH) are endocrine molecules necessary for multiple biological processes that are crucial to tumor growth and differentiation. Several reports pointed out a pivotal role of thyroid status in the tumoral behavior.TH action is regulated by the action of the deiodinases. Type 2 deiodinase (D2) activates thyroxine (T4) by converting it to T3, whereas D3, by inactivating T3, terminates thyroid hormone action.Thus, the deiodinase family of sel...

Objective: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Antihypertensive agents interfere with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, and screening with the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) is preferably made without medication. Withdrawal may however be harmful. We examined the detection rate of PA in hypertensive patients taking their prescribed medication, apart from amiloride and spironolactone.Design and setting: Hyperten...

Pituitary dysfunctions, reported as ‘hypopituitarism’ or ‘hypophysitis’, are relatively common side-effects induced by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibiting specific immune checkpoints. In particular, hypophysitis represents a distinctive side effect of CTLA4-blocking antibodies and is a new form of autoimmune pituitary disease.In initial trials, the incidence of hypophysitis induced by anti-CTLA4-mAbs (ipilimumab and tremelimumab) ...

Background: Hypovitaminosis D represents at present a worldwide public health problem. Recent studies have demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D, in addition to its known actions on calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Among the several non-skeletal effects, a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action has been suggested. Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several chronic conditions associated with increased inflammation and deregulation of the immune...

According to the findings of recent epidemiological research, thyroid complaints are among the most frequent endocrine illnesses in Italy. Being positively correlated to MPV, the mean platelet volume, in subjects with hypothyroidism, it has been hypothesised in literature that TSH can have a probable prothrombotic effect. The mean platelet volume (MPV), PCT (plateletcrit), PDV (platelet distribution width) and P-LCR (platelet large scale ratio) indicate the dimensions of plate...