Endocrine Abstracts

Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is the most common diagnosis among males and females with pubertal delay, but it can be diagnosed only after exclusion of other underlying conditions. Most of the boys with delayed puberty have CDGP, but about 5–10% have hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (including Klinefelter), 10% have permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (including Kallmann syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism), and 10% have a transient...

Background: Approximately one-third of pituitary adenomas are identified as nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) which have a heterogenous profile and an increased potential for relapse one to five years after pituitary surgery. In a retrospective analysis by Almeida et al, multiple surgical resections, elevated ki-67 and cavernous sinus invasion were predictive of recurrence. They typically present with symptoms of mass effect and most are macroadenomas at time of diagnos...

Background: Tuberculosis rarely leads to clinically significant hypercalcemia. However, elderly patients remain predisposed due to advanced age, multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy.Clinical Case: An 81-year-old female presented with 1 month history of bilateral weak hand grip and sluggish mastication. She was initially managed as progressive Parkinson’s Disease. After 3 weeks, she was now reported to have episodes of fall from imbalance. After f...

GnRH neurons are vital for reproductive competence. These neurons originate mainly in the nasal epithelium and migrate to the preoptic region of the hypothalamus during foetal development. Defective migration may result in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH), a condition in which puberty is never or only partially achieved.Little is known about the molecular ontogeny and regulation of GnRH neurons. Their anatomical localisation and small numbers (about 10...

Introduction: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of autoimmune thyroid and coeliac disease. Reported prevalence figures for thyroid and coeliac disease in this population has been reported in European studies as 3–8%1 and 1–10%2 respectively. Current NICE guidelines (June 2009) recommend screening for both conditions at diagnosis, and then screening annually for thyroid disease thereafter. We aimed to: i) estimate preva...

Background: Total and completion thyroidectomy are commonly performed operations for the treatment of thyroid disease. Post-operative hypocalcaemia is a frequent complication of this surgery, and is associated with morbidity and prolonged length of stay (LOS).Methods: In January 2010 we introduced a protocol for the avoidance and management of post-operative of hypocalcaemia based on risk-stratification by post-operative PTH levels in patients undergoing...

Studies on the distribution of Somatostatin Receptor (sst)-subtypes on endocrine tumors, the development of sst-subtype specific analogues, the elucidation of phenomena like receptor desensitization and ligand-receptor internalization, and the potential consequences (and reversal) of the epigenetic silencing of sst offer new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in endocrine diseases:1. apart from sst2 activation, Somatostatin analogues target...

Objectives: Abnormal pubertal timing affects >4% of adolescents and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Up to 80% of variation in the timing of pubertal onset is genetically determined. Self-limited delayed puberty (DP) segregates in an autosomal dominant pattern, but in the majority the neuroendocrine pathophysiology and genetic regulation remain unclear. Mis-regulation of the embryonic migration of GnRH neurons has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DP (Howar...

Puberty is a fascinating transition period in the mammalian lifespan, but the biological control of pubertal timing remains poorly understood. Developmental abnormalities of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network have been shown to be responsible for disorders of pubertal timing, in a spectrum of conditions ranging from idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) to self-limited delayed puberty. We hypothesized that important regulators of pubertal timin...

Introduction: Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) related endocrine toxicities are increasingly commonly with the use of these new cancer agents. With one of the largest cancer departments in UK, we studied the clinical management and outcome of patients who developed different endocrine toxicities over the last five years, with the use of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL-1 agents.Methods: All patients treated with CPI between 1 Jan 2014 to 31 Jan 2019 were included for the ...