Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: There are several endocrine causes of hyponatremia. SIADH is perhaps the most challenging, as patients do not always respond to initial correction measures and pharmacological treatment options are scarce. Urea is a viable option, but not commonly used.Methods: Analysis of patients with SIADH-induced hyponatremia (<135mEq/l) treated with urea per os in the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto between August 2021 and Octobe...

Introduction: Nonislet cell tumour hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare complication of malignancy. The most common cause is overproduction of IGF2, which activates insulin receptors, resulting in hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia. When a solitary fibrous tumor is responsible, it is called Doege-Potter syndrome.Case 1: 58-year-old woman, with a history of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and pleural solitary fibrous tumor with pulmonary and lymph node metastases. She...

Introduction: Bilateral adrenal masses may appear in the context of metastatic disease, adrenal congenital hyperplasia, primary tumors or infections, among others. Primary adrenal lymphoma is rare, accounting for approximately 1% of cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical case: 47-year-old woman, with a history of erythema nodosum and left hemithyroidectomy in the context of benign nodular disease. She presented with persistent fever and tiredne...

Introduction: Hypopituitarism is a rare diagnosis that is mainly due to primary pituitary neoplasms and their treatment. There are rarer causes such as hemorrhage/ischemia, traumatic brain injury, infections and infiltrative lesions. Clinical case: We herein present an 18-year-old male patient diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia at the age of 14, with no evidence of central nervous system invasion in several lumbar punctures during his follow-up....

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma is one of the major secondary causes of hypertension. The classic triad of pheochromocytoma symptoms of headache, sweating and tachycardia is not present in a high percentage of patients and is sometimes diagnosed as incidentaloma or atypical presentations.Case report: The authors present a 56-year-old man, with no known diseases, referred to Endocrinology evaluation by incidentaloma of the right adrenal gland, from the Pne...

Introduction: Secondary causes of diabetes refer to a category in which diabetes is associated with other diseases. They are thought to constitute less than 2% of the total cases of diabetes.Case report: A 56 year-old caucasian man, with no relevant medical history, presented to the Emergency Department with fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and involuntary weight loss (6 kg in two weeks). He was hemodynamically stable and exhibited a glycaemia o...

Introduction: The endocrine system is often affected in the course of HIV infection. However, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus are uncommon disorders in these patients and have been related to drugs, infections of the central nervous system and neoplastic infiltration, in extremely rare cases.Case report: We present a case of a 42-year-old man with HIV infection known since 2005, but undergoing antiretroviral therapy only since 2010 (emtricitabine/...

Introduction: Leiomyomas are benign tumors originating from the smooth muscle cells. They occur more frequently in the uterus and in the gastrointestinal system. Adrenal leiomyomas are rare tumors arising from the smooth muscle of the adrenal vein and its tributaries.Case report: Man, 72-years-old, referred to Endocrinology in the context of an adrenal incidentaloma (20 mm maximum diametre) detected in abdominal-pelvic CT performed for the study of splen...

Introduction: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare complication of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurring in less than 0.6% of patients. It is associated with genetic changes in chromosomes 3 and 7. CDI may precede; occur simultaneously or after the diagnosis of AML.Case report: 51-year-old man, with no relevant past medical history, began complaining with polyuria, polydipsia, weakness and weight loss in March 2015.The patient was evaluated in the...

Introduction: Mauriac Syndrome is characterized by the presence of hepatomegaly, growth retardation, delayed puberty and cushingoid features. This entity is traditionally diagnosed during the work-up of hepatic enzymes alterations in children/young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with poor glycaemic control. However, the impact of metabolic control in the normalization of hepatic analytic profile is not clarified.Methods and design: Retrospec...