Endocrine Abstracts

A 41 year old gentleman presented with collapse and vomiting for one week was found to be hyponatraemic with sodium of 103. He was treated with a sodium chloride 0.9% over 100 ml/hour and once sodium was increased to 118 in less than 24 hours. He was deescalated from intensive care on day3. He had developed severe ataxia, slow speech and was highly emotional. He was previously high functioning, maintaining a job and independent. It had transpired that he had been drinking 18 c...

Introduction: Hyponatraemia is a common biochemical abnormality, complicating up to 15% of all hospital admissions and associated with increased mortality. Hypernatraemia, occuring less frequently, is strongly associated with mortality and is almost always due to a free water deficit. There is limited data about hospital healthcare burden of these two relatively common electrolyte imbalances. We analysed the length of stay, for acute admissions, with reference to the admission...

Background: Pituitary abscess is a rare entity which is often not suspected in pituitary lesions differential diagnoses; arising de novo or as a consequence of sinus infection, meningitis, or haematogenous spread. The diagnosis is challenging and mostly made during surgery.Case Report: A 54-year-old male patient presented with 3 days of severe headaches, vomiting, and left eyelid drooping. He was afebrile, BP 90/61mmHg, and had a left third nerve palsy w...

Introduction: There is a clinical need to develop better biomarkers for the monitoring of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), including for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). Chromogranins are widely used, as are individual hormones for specific syndromes. Neurone specific enolase (NSE), however, is measured less commonly and its utility is debatable.Aims: To assess the value of measuring NSE in the clinical management of patients...

Androgen-producing tumours of the adrenal are extremely rare. The androgen effects and malignancy potential can be detrimental in children. Adrenal adenomas are usually small, whereas carcinomas are larger and aggressive. We present the challenges in managing a female toddler with a large androgen secreting adrenal adenoma. A 22 months old 46 XX girl presented with features of hyperandrogenism but not of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid excess: tall stature, facial and pubi...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of fractures. Research on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is scarce and unsettled. We aimed to investigate the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) – i.e., hip, vertebral, humerus, and forearm fractures – with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists when either is used in combination with metformin.<p class...

Context: The long-term consequences of Covid-19 are unknown. Most patients experience persistent symptoms more than a month after the acute illness, including fatigue, dyspnea, memory loss, concentration disorder. The pituitary, the thyroid and the adrenal gland express the ACE-2 receptor, which is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and could therefore be affected by the virus. However, the effect of Covid-19 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis and hypothalamic-pitui...

Steroid-associated adverse events (SAAE) include hypertension, hyperglycemia, and diabetes, overweight and obesity and short stature.Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the occurrence of steroid-associated metabolic and clinical adverse events (SAAE) in patients with NS and frequent relapses treated with long-term prednisone compared to another high-risk group (obese children BMISDS > 2)Methods: Data of 30 children with S...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy accounting for 1% of new cancer cases each year. Even after treatment, one in five patients develop recurrence eventually. Therefore, close follow up is crucial after treatment. Current tumour biomarkers are not perfect, and there is a need for a more sensitive and specific way of detecting early recurrence. Liquid biopsies have emerged as a novel marker in tumour surveillance and monitoring response to treatment. In parti...

Introduction: Meningiomas are the most common brain tumours and they express progesterone receptors. Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a synthetic progestogen approved for use as an anti-androgen in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). We report a case of meningioma probably resulting from long-term CPA treatment and a review of our PCOS cohort for further cases.Case report: A 47-year-old lady with PCOS was treated with CPA 100 mg once daily for hirsutism and ...