Endocrine Abstracts

A 46-year-old Asian male attended our endocrine unit in April 2013 following a referral from his GP for the investigation of a neck mass. Serum TSH level was normal and USS revealed a euthyroid multinodular goiter. He mainly complained of increasingly frequent and severe headaches, polydypsia, polyuria, perspiration, and night sweats.On examination, the patient had prognathism, an enlarged and protruding tongue, thickened lips, prominent supraorbital rid...

Hormonal management of androgen, secondary thyroid hormone and vitamin D insufficiency of patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) during transition needs some expertise. While vitamin D supplementation should be smoothly applied, thyroxin should be reserved for primary (auto-immune) thyroid disease. Although the androgen deficiency is generally mild and slowly progressive, timely initiation of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been advocated to ensure a normal adult s...

Aims: To identify any improvements in BMD on NICE recommended treatments in patients with osteoporosis. Also to identify how many patients were taking calcium and vitamin D.Methods: Retrospective audit of 31 patients who had a DEXA scan between June 2011 and October 2012 at Birmingham City Hospital. Patient information was gathered from electronic data base (Clinical Data Archive). Inclusion criteria was at least two DEXA scan T-scores results, ...

Early miR expression analyses in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) disclosed profound differences in the expression of several, microRNAs in thyroid tumor compared with unaffected thyroid tissue. For instance, miR146 and miR221 were 19- and 11-fold upregulated in PTC. These and other miRs target the thyroid hormone receptor THRB gene. Transfection of cell lines with miR146a and other miRs in vitro resulted in down-regulation of THRB transcript and protein. Promoter luci...

The HPA axis facilitates adaptation to stress and is essential for metabolism and health, but dysregulation of the HPA axis compromises resilience and promotes vulnerability to stress-related diseases. This includes diseases of the brain where an aberrant stress hormone action targeting susceptibility pathways causes emotional and cognitive disturbances, and affects the onset and progression of neurodegenerative processes, while impairing recovery and neurogenesis. This action...

Introduction: Current treatment for SIADH related hyponatremia is unsatisfactory. We describe two cases of effective Tolvaptan use in SIADH related to disseminated cancer.Case 1: Fifty-three year old female with metastatic ovarian carcinoma, vomiting from partial intestinal obstruction, was referred with sodium 121 mmol and normal renal function. She was clinically dry and mildly confused. SIADH was confirmed but urine Na was <10 suggestive of hypovo...

In patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes β-cell regeneration or β-cell replacement are the only options that result in normoglycemia without the risk of hypoglycemia. Although persistent C-peptide is present in ~10% of patients with type 1 diabetes, currently regeneration of eutopic pancreatic islets remains elusive due to the minimal regenerative capacity of the human pancreas and the presence of persistent autoreactivity. Islet transplantation is a form of &#9...

Pubertal onset results from reactivation of the gonadotropic axis by neuroendocrine mechanisms which remain to be defined. Human genetics is one of the approaches to characterize disease mechanisms and therefore novel physiological system. Two different type of phenotype due to abnormal timing of the pubertal onset are described: advance of the pubertal onset also call central precocious puberty and delayed or absence of puberty. The latter is due to gonadotropic deficiency re...

According to the WHO classification system the majority of endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NETs) are considered as being well differentiated benign or malignant tumours. Almost all GI-NETs are derived from enterochromaffin or Kulchitsky cells that can synthesize, store and secrete serotonin. The majority of these tumours are non-functioning and their presentation is non-specific. Functioning tumours, may exhibit protean clinical presentation, depending on t...

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET) have always represented a complex dilemma for diagnostic imaging. This is mainly due to their small size and brought during the years to a complex range of diagnostic proposals. A correct preoperative detection and staging are mandatory in order to choose management options and to optimize surgical treatment. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) has been claimed to be the best technique for imaging the pancreas, it allows.Hi...