Endocrine Abstracts

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The treatment of type 1 diabetes is currently restricted to insulin therapy. However, achieving and maintaining strict glycaemic control is a demanding task for many patients and increases the risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain. This makes new treatments complementary to insulin of interest. In type 2 diabetes, the combination of insulin and a GLP-1 receptor agonist improves glycaemic control, induces weight loss and reduces daily insulin dose needed. However, only little e...

Objective: Journal of Molecular Endocrinology)-->Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have permitted comprehensive genomic characterization of the most common types of cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a program of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (a joint NCI and NHGRI effort), was created to systematically analyze the genome of the most common types of cancer, inclu...

The human gut is home to a vast number of bacteria, the microbiota, whose genomes complement our own set of genes. The gut microbiota functions at the intersection between host genotype and diet to modulate host physiology and metabolism, and recent data have revealed that an altered gut microbiota can contribute to obesity. The gut microbiota affects host physiology and metabolism by several mechanisms including increased energy harvest from the diet, modulation of lipid meta...

Hypophosphatemia due to excess urinary phosphate losses and rachitic bone disease occur in several related disorders. The most common form of the heritable hypophosphatemic disorders, X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH, estimated incidence: 1/10 000–1/20 000), is due to loss-of-function mutations of the osteocyte/osteoblast protein, PHEX. Associated elevations in circulating FGF23 lead to reduced abundance of phosphate transporters on the luminal surface of renal tubular cell...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a common and devastating disease. SCLC tumours contain a neuroendocrine cell population that exhibit ectopic hormone production in a minority of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate a panel of neuroendocrine peptides as potential biomarkers of SCLC, including pro-opiomelanocortin, neuron specific enolase, chromogranin A and neural-cell adhesion molecule. Immunohistochemistry methods were used to examine neuroendocrine peptides in ...

Most Europeans take drinking milk for granted; it’s the everyday consumption of an everyday drink. But for most adult humans, indeed, for most adult mammals, milk is very far from an everyday drink. Milk is something that we have specifically evolved to be able to consume in the relatively recent past. The ability to digest the sugar in milk is called Lactase Persistence and Darwin’s engine of evolutionary change, natural selection, has probably worked harder on this...

We have recently discovered a novel, endogenous iodine containing aryl-ethylamine derivative that we believe is a metabolite of thyroxine, the major form of thyroid hormone produced in the thyroid gland of vertebrates. This compound is 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), and it does not bind to or activate nuclear thyroid hormone receptors – the established target receptors of thyroid hormones – but instead functions as a potent agonist of trace amine associated receptor 1 (TA...

Familial hypophosphatemic rickets was recognized in the 1950s, when hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting was identified in individuals with rickets unresponsive to vitamin D therapy. X-linked dominant inheritance was evident in many cases, and the most common form of the disease is known as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). A description of vitamin D-refractory rickets likely represents the first report of XLH (Albright F et al., Am J Dis Children 1937)...

In 2004, we reported the discovery of a new signaling molecule chemically related to thyroid hormones called 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM). T1AM is formally a decarboxylated and deiodinated derivative of thyroxine (T4) and was detected in tissues and circulation of rodents. Single-dose administration of T1AM to mice resulted in unique biological activities including hypothermia, bradycardia, and hyperglycemia. The T1AM-induced ...