Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity in obese individuals. GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, and SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin, are well known to be beneficial in NAFLD, while other incretins, like peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY3-36), might be also useful for the treatment of NAFLD. We directly compared the effects of semaglutide alone and in combination with peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY3-36), empagliflozin and...

Background: An activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a common observation in obese individuals. GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, and SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin, are well known to be beneficial in obesity, while other incretins, like peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY 3-36), might be also useful for the treatment of obesity. However, the effect of these substances on the adrenal gland is largely unknown. We directly compared the effec...

Background: In females transitioning to males (FtM) and in males transitioning to females (MtF), exogenous cross-sex steroids are prescribed to favour development of secondary characteristics of desired sex, while endogenous hormone production is inhibited.Aims and design: To study early impact of cross-sex steroids on body composition, metabolic profile and pro-inflammatory parameters in young transgender persons before and after 12 months of gender-aff...

Within the adrenal gland, chromaffin cells and their progenitors are exposed to a wide variety of growth factors and hormones, including adrenal androgens such as DHEA. The DHEA producing-zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex is in close proximity to the neural crest-derived catecholamine-producing chromaffin cells of the medulla, enabling strong paracrine interactions. In vivo studies in humans revealed that congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase ...

Sepsis and septic shock remain a major health concern worldwide, and an intact adrenal cortex glucocorticoid (GC) stress response, is critical for organism to survive. Recently, we and others have shown that adrenal gland expresses members of toll-like receptors (TLRs) family which are known to sense pathogens and induce inflammatory response. Data performed on TLRs deficient mice clearly demonstrate a critical involvement of these receptors in immune-neuroendocrine bidirectio...

During the past thirty years bone biopsy has been used as an invasive diagnostic and research investigation of bone structure and metabolism. Bone biopsy parameters are used to assess both bone mass and bone quality. This study aimed to establish the value of routine qualitative bone biopsy evaluation in subjects with unclear primary osteoporosis. One-hundred seventy patients (73 men and 97 women), aged 54.29±0.95 years, were included in the study. The diagnosis was based...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate ester DHEAS are neurosteroids with potential effects on neurogenesis, neuronal survival and neuronal stem cells proliferation. DHEA is produced by the inner adrenocortical zone, which is in direct contact to the adrenomedullary chromaffin. Unlike the closely related sympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells are able to proliferate throughout the life span. The aim of the present study was to examine in vitro the effect of DHEA ...

Introduction: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) obtains NADPH from hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to reduce cortisone to the active glucocorticoid cortisol. Cells depleted in NAD+ (parent molecule of NADPH) have impaired 11β -HSD1 activity, which can be rapidly rescued with supplementation of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside. This suggests the existence of an ER-specific pathway to NAD(P)(H)....

Introduction: The successful prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major clinical goal. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, with genetic and environmental influences that lead to a break in immune tolerance toward pancreatic beta cells. Through a number of prospective cohort studies, it is now understood that the presence of two or more diabetes-associated autoantibodies is highly predictive of future T1D diagnosis. In addition to the genetic rationale (insulin gene sequenc...

Background: Conventional glucocorticoid (GC) replacement for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) induces unphysiological cortisol spikes. In contrast, modified-release hydrocortisone (MR-HC, Efmody) offers a more accurate imitation of the circadian cortisol release, particularly emphasizing the morning surge. The study compares quality of life and sleep-wake cycles in patients with CAH with conventional GC treatment and after a switch to MR-HC.Methods: ...