Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: The exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (Dpp4) selectively cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from several substrates, including cytokines, growth factors, neuropeptides, and the incretin hormones. The systemic inhibition of Dpp4 by the so-called gliptins (oral Dpp4 inhibitors) represents an effective and established treatment option for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the current study we investigated in healthy as well as in obese and diabetic mice if a liver selective knock...

We performed this study to identify factors related to intact incretin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We cross-sectionally analyzed 336 patients with T2D. Intact glucagon-like peptide 1 (iGLP-1) and intact glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (iGIP) levels were measured in a fasted state and 30 min after ingestion of a standard mixed meal. The differences between 30 and 0 min iGLP-1 and iGIP levels were indicated as ΔiGLP-1 and ΔiGIP. After in...

Context: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors induce glycosuria and improve glycemic control, β cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). On the other hand, these drugs predispose to diabetic ketoacidosis by increasing the tonus of glucagon. Glucagon acts on the liver and has no relevant effect on peripheral lipolysis and release of free fatty acids (FFA) as a substrate for ketogenesis, an action attributed to growth hormone (GH...

Objective: Randomized trials demonstrated a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) events with sodium – glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D) at high CV risk. SGLT2-i should be considered as a valuable therapy in T2D with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heart failure (HF). We analyzed the effects of cardiovascular function of SGLT 2 inhibitors in T2D with ASCVD or HF compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4...

Background: Sulfonylureas (SUs) are known to increase fasting insulin levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) treated with these agents. Whether this increase is related to a greater risk of hypoglycemia has not yet been sufficiently elucidated.Methods: The study included 58 patients with T2D who had been on treatment with SUs, but not insulin, for more than 2 years. Confirmed hypoglycemic episodes during the past year were self-reported by the pat...

Introduction: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely used around the world for the treatment various stages of prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) increased chance of developing metabolic disorders in insulin sensitivity, lipid levels, glucose metabolism, body composition (increases fat accumulation concurrently with a decrease in lean mass). These changes are the risk factors for the development of adverse cardiovascular...

Causing production of free radicals and reduction of antioxidant system activity, in the pancreatic β-cells, in particular, resulting in reduction in insulin production and consequently to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress could be a pathogenetic mechanism of morbidity in diabetes mellitus. Search for and development of medicines with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity remains urgent.Aim: The work was initiated to study antioxidant and hypoglycemic...

Objective: Preclinical studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors (iDPP4) have beneficial effects on functional mass of beta cells and pancreatic insulin content. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with sitagliptin in monotherapy or in combination with insulin in person with type 1 diabetes (DM-1) or type LADA diabetes (DM-LADA) of recent diagnosis.Patients and methods: Descriptive study: patients with DM-1 or DM-LADA in treatme...

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease. The gut microbiota has recently been identified as a new potential diabetes risk factor. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are organic fatty acids produced in the distal gut by bacterial fermentation of macrofibrous material that might improve T2D.Aims: To examine the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist treatment on SCFAs, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients w...

Introduction: Dulaglutide (Trulicity®) is a long-acting GLP-1 agonist that received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2014. Dulaglutide is a large sized molecule, which limits its renal clearance. This allows for once weekly dosing; which might improve patient compliance significantly. Extensive Phase III study data have been published with regard to dulaglutide, much of which was part of the AWARD studies, which provide evidence for its use in ...

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by progressive impairment/ loss of pancreatic beta cell function Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by glucose variation has been suggested as an essential step towards beta cell dysfunction. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are widely used in the treatment of T2DM considering their beneficial cardiometabolic sequalae. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Empag...

Background and aims: Comparative animal study of efficacy of intermittent short courses administration of lyophilized single-, three- and alive multistrain probiotic on insulin resistance in rats with experimental obesity.Methods: We included 70 rats divided into 7 groups (n=10 in each). Rats of group I were intact. Newborn rats of groups II-VII were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g). Rats of group II (MSG-obesity group) were unt...