Endocrine Abstracts

The combination of thyroid and parathyroid carcinoma (PC) are extremely rare. We present a case with metastases of both tumors to the lymph nodes of the neck in a woman who received renal replacement therapy with long-term hemodialysis.Case reportIn 1984, when she was 24 years old, the patient began working at a nuclear power plant as a chemical water treatment operator. The total length of service was 25 years. In 2009 (at the age...

IntroductionIn recent years, we have observed significant progress in cancer treatment associated with the development of immunotherapy. Nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands and inhibits the signaling pathway by preventing the tumor-derived PD-L1 from blocking T lymphocytes. In patients with metastatic melanoma, it is used either in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Immunotherapy is associate...

BackgroundPatients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) might present with malnutrition due to the tumor itself and/or its treatment. Poor nutritional status and weight loss can lead to poor outcomes, including decreased quality of life, increased complication rates and mortality. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone, which is implicated in appetite regulation, body weight, inflammation and immune cell activation. Its gastric secretion mainly depends on the ...

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are a type of neuroendocrine tumour. They arise from the sympathetic ganglia and can be either sporadic or due to hereditary syndromes (up to 40%). Most HNPGLs do not produce significant amounts of catecholamines1. Often, HNPGLs are detected in late stages due to compression or infiltration of cranial structures1. We report a case of a paraganglioma of the basis cranii due to somatic variants of SDHB (succinate dehydr...

IntroductionAlternative splicing allows the generation of multiple RNA isoforms from a single pre-RNA molecule, and thereby contributes to a multitude of physiological processes, but can also be involved in many diseases, including cancer. Indeed, disruption of alternative splicing has been linked to key cancer features, such as tumor growth, metastasis and hormone responsiveness and is increasingly regarded as a novel and transversal cancer hallmark. Th...

BackgroundEctopic ACTH secretion accounts for 9–18% of ACTH dependent Cushing’s’ syndrome. The most common causes are intrathoracic neuroendocrine tumours. Gastric tumours as a cause of ectopic ACTH secretion are remarkably rare.Case reportA seventy-five-year-old gentleman complained of a four month’s history of epigastric discomfort, anorexia, and weight loss. He was a known diabetic and ...

Title – Testosterone replacement Therapy (TRT) and prostate cancer Hypogonadism is a condition with low serum testosterone level, which can manifest as depression, lack of libido, decreased bone mineral density and muscle weakness In patients with hypogonadism returning serum testosterone to normal levels results in improvement in cognition, mood, sexual function, physical performance, normalises bone density and erythropoiesis.Case<p class="abs...

IntroductionInadequately managed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients result in potentially higher fatal outcomes due to a lack of sufficient prognostic data/markers, inadequate periodic individualized follow-up risk assessments and/or insufficient initial treatment. MiR-146b, -21, -221, -222, -181b are potential biomarkers for risk stratification of PTC.AimThe aim of our study was to analyze expression...

IntroductionParagangliomas (PGLs) are neuroendocrine tumours that arise from neural crest-derived chromaffin cells. They can develop anywhere these cells exist from the base of the skull to the pelvis. All PGLs have neuro-secretory potential and can produce symptoms due to catecholamine excess. While the majority are benign they do have malignant potential. Mediastinal PGLs are rare and often have a strong genetic predisposition. A higher proportion of t...

IntroductionPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Apart from genetics, autoimmunity has been implicated in its pathogenesis. But, reports have been conflicting ranging from causative, protective and neutral role of immunomodulation. In this context, we set out study the role of Pro- inflammatory cytokines in PTC in South Indian population.Material and methodsThis pilot pro...

ObjectiveIt has been shown that treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) of women with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is connected with decreased serum concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). To date, others markers connected with ovarian reserve have not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of RAI on serum concentration of inhibin B, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), AMH and antral f...

Androgen excess in post-menopausal women usually results from ovarian or adrenal pathology. Identifying pathology is significant as many ovarian tumors can be malignant in nature. We report a case of granulosa cell tumor which presented with virilizing signs. A 66-year-old postmenopausal lady presented with temporal hair loss and weight gain. She had to drop out of her church choir as she had a change in her voice. She was concerned about her facial hair growth which was signi...

IntroductionPheochromocytomas (PHEO) and paragangliomas (PGL) are neuroendocrine tumors arising from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal autonomic paraganglia, respectively. They are rare and generally benign neuroendocrine tumors. However, malignancy (defined as the evidence of metastases in nonchromaffin sites distant from the primary tumor) occurs in 2 to 26%. Malignant PHEO and PGL are very challenging malignancies associate...

BackgroundHypoglycemia is a well-established as a serious paraneoplastic complication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, hypoglycemia presenting the first presentation of HCC is not frequent. In this regard, we present the case of a patient who had hypoglycemia as first manifestation of HCC.ObservationA 55yearold man presented to the Emergency Department with loss of consciousness preceded by dizzine...

Phaeochromocytomas are neuroendocrine neoplasms originating from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, causing 0.1–0.2% cases of hypertension. Although rare, phaeochromocytoma is potentially life-threatening, leading to hypertensive crises if unrecognised or mismanaged. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a potential complication of thromboembolic disease, usually resulting from ongoing vascular obstruction following pulmonary emboli. We report a c...

IntroductionA pheochromocytoma is a tumor arising from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells that commonly produces one or more catecholamines. About 80 to 85% of chromaffin-cell tumors are pheochromocytomas. It is recommended that initial biochemical testing should include measurements of plasma free metanephrines or urinary fractionated metanephrines. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy is a functional imaging modality, in patients w...

IntroductionParathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine carcinoma, which represents less than 1% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. It usually affects people between 44–55 years old without differences between sexes. Sometimes it is related to HRPT2 gene mutations and it has a variable prognosis.Presentation of caseA 56-year-old man was referred to our centre to complete an hypercalcemia study. H...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer type and the sixth cause of cancer death among men worldwide. Due to the usual slow course of the progression of this disease, there is a growing interest in finding chemopreventive therapeutics with a low risk of side effects. In line with this, recent studies have shown that hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the main extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds, exerts a protective role against different cancer types. Moreover...

IntroductionPheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumours arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglia(paragangliomas).AimTo characterise demographic, clinical, and biochemical/genetic features of a cohort of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), assessing for differences between two-time periods over a three-decad...

BackgroundMultiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 1 is a rare, heterogeneous genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance, predisposing to benign and malignant tumors. The phenotype of MEN1 syndrome varies between patients in terms of tumor localisation, age of onset and clinical aggressiveness, even between affected members of the same family. We report a heterogenic phenotype of the MEN1 variant c.[781C > T] (LRG_509t1) previously reporte...

Insulinomas are predominantly benign pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors presenting with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Surgical resection is currently the standard treatment for pancreatic insulinoma, but other treatment options, such as oral medication with diazoxide may be necessary for symptomatic patients who are not candidates for surgical resolution or for those who need bridging therapy till the surgical intervention. We present the case of a 54-year-old man who was admit...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are in high risk of developing additional malignancies, hereditary and also nonhereditary kind. Genetic changes are involved in the formation of GIST, about 80% are associated with KIT gene mutation and 10% of cases are associated with PDGFRA gene. These two mutations are found in both familial and sporadic GIST. We report a 65 years old female patient with a history of surgery for gastric GIST (T2N0). During the follow-up, after 4 years,...

IntroductionHypogonadism is a potential manifestation of many chronic diseases including cancer, presumably related to their severity. Since novel anti-cancer treatments have significantly increased survival rates of affected patients, issue of hypogonadism becomes more significant, given the importance of issues like quality of life and potential for reproduction. The aim of our study was to analyze gonadal axis function in male patients with neuroendoc...

Objectivesstudying the clinical and evolutionary characteristics of neuroendocrine laryngeal tumors and their management modalities.Materials and methodsA retrospective study with 4 cases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the larynx ENT service of the Farhat Hached hospital of Sousse.ResultsOur series consisted of 3 men and a woman. The average age was 49 years [3...