Endocrine Abstracts

PYY is secreted postprandially from the endocrine L-cells of the gastrointestinal tract. PYY3–36, the major circulating form of PYY, reduces food intake in humans and rodents via high affinity binding to the auto-inhibitory NPY receptor, Y2R, within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.Aims: To investigate (1) the effects of length of fast on the anorexigenic actions of PYY3–36; (2) the effects of early light phase administrat...

Obesity is a major worldwide health problem with limited treatment options. Recent research has highlighted the importance of gastrointestinal (GI) nutrient sensing in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. Protein as a macronutrient induces the strongest feeling of satiety per calorie. However, different types of protein have varying effects on appetite, suggesting protein induced satiety may be due to the specific amino acids generated by protein digestion. We have id...

Background and aims: Ghrelin is the only known peripheral hormone, which increases food intake. It is released from the stomach and is thought to function as a meal initiator and signal of energy deficit. We used bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis to generate a mouse model with increased ghrelin expression and production in stomach and brain. These mice exhibited increased circulating bioactive ghrelin and as expected were hyperphagic and glucose intolerant. We hypot...

The amelioration of type 2 diabetes and sustained weight loss after bariatric surgery are thought to be due to elevated circulating levels of the gut hormones peptide YY3–36 (PYY3–36) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 augments the insulin response to an oral glucose load. PYY3–36 has appetite-inhibitory effects and contributes to longer-term weight loss. Rodent studies provide conflicting data regarding the effects of PY...

The physiological post-prandial release of the gut hormones PYY and GLP-1 is implicated in triggering CNS mechanisms underlying satiety. However, the combined effects of PYY and GLP-1 on brain circuits underlying satiety in humans remain unknown.Objective: To determine changes in CNS neuronal activity following single and combined infusions of PYY and GLP-1, using blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) in human vol...