Endocrine Abstracts

Multi kinase inhibitors (MKIs) constitute a new therapeutic option in advanced RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). To date four different MKIs demonstrated a beneficial effect on progression free survival in DTC (sorafenib, lenvatinib) and MTC (vandetanib and cabozantinib). However, the treatment related toxicity, which potentially may limit their clinical use and lead to a negative impact on the quality of life, have been ...

The discussion which prognostic factors are the most reliable to adequately assess the risk of cancer related death and relapse in differentiated thyroid cancers [DTC] is ongoing. To date, age at diagnosis and distant metastases were considered as the most important risk factors. Among other factors, that may influence both overall and disease free survival, were male sex, some histopathological features such as: tumor diameter, tumor grade, aggressive histotype, extrathyroida...

Analysis of RET germline mutations, now a routine element of diagnostic algorithm in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), influences follow up of MTC patients but at present has less impact on treatment modalities, which are the same in hereditary and sporadic disease. Microarray analyses confirm that molecular profile is rather similar in both MTC forms.In hereditary MTC, RET mutation screening in families at risk allows to find asymptomatic mutation carr...

Introduction: Therapy with somatostatin analouges is usually ineffective to remove hormonal symptoms in patients with functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). Alternative treatment modalities, to control symptoms of excessive hormonal production, are necessary. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate results of radiopeptide treatment in patient with functional pNET.Materials and methods: 92 patients with pNET (49 women and 43 men, median ag...

Calcitonin assessment in thyroid diseases is recommended when medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is suspected in fine needle biopsy, as well as in ‘suspicious for a follicular neoplasm’ class, especially oxyphilic type, in patients with germinal RET proto-oncogene mutation and in nondiagnostic biopsy when no surgical treatment is planned. This assessment is also suggested before any planned thyroid surgery to exclude MTC. Beyond diagnosis confirmation it is also suggeste...

Background: The genetic predisposition of Graves’ disease (GD) was proved by the identification of genes with substantial, non-interactive effects on the disease process. It is known, however, that genetic interactions significantly increase the likelihood of immune-tolerance-related complex diseases like allergic asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study we analyzed the effects of interactions of multiple loci on the genetic predisposition to GD patients....

Introduction: Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Approximately 10% of all pheochromocytomas are malignant. There is no effective therapy for malignant pheochromocytoma (MAL-PHEO) and the overall prognosis is poor.Case report: We report 22-year survival with MAL-PHEO in a patient treated with several surgeries, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine and, subsequently, with long-acting fo...

Mutations in the RET protooncogene cause familial cases of medullary thyroid cancer, which in some cases coexists with pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyreoidism as the MEN2A syndrome.Aim of the study: Evaluation of frequency of pheochromocytomas and their clinical course in the RET protooncogene mutations carriers.Material: One hundred and seventy nine patients, among them 109 probands and 70 family members in...

Introduction: The molecular events involved in the formation of parathyroid adenomas are not well understood. Two genes, cyclin D1 (CCND1) and MEN-1, have been established as having major roles in parathyroid tumorigenesis. Tumor suppressor gene HRPT2 is frequently mutated in parathyroid carcinoma. The aim of our study was to analyze HRPT2 expression in parathyroid adenomas and in residual normal/atrophic parathyroid tissue and to relate it to other...

Introduction: Systemic treatment of advanced progressing thyroid cancer (TC) is based on molecularly targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), mainly inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR). Such treatment is related to numerous side effects. However, the relationship between TKIs and renal adverse events (RAEs) is unclear. VEGFR inhibitors are associated with proteinuria. In some patients, increased serum creatinine level and t...