Endocrine Abstracts

Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone and secreted by the lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland. Its secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus and under control of inhibitory effect of mainly dopamin. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other unidentified prolactin-release-inhibiting factors has also effects on PRL secretion. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a prolactin-releasing factor. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), oxytocin and galanin are the other probabl...

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) could be familial in 30% of cases. Here, we report a family of FMTC with rarely seen RET p.S891A mutation.Case presentation: A 49-year-old man presented with a single nodule in the left lobe of thyroid. Thyroid ultrasonography (US) showed a nodule and pathological cervical lymph nodes. There was no relevant family history. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the nodule was consistent with a diagnosis ...

Introduction: The role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is well established. Molecular markers were shown to be related with malignancy risk of thyroid nodules and prognosis of DTC. The goal of this study was to assess the relation of molecular markers such as NIS, Galectin-3, PTEN, Ki-67, p53 with PET positivity and malignancy of thyroid.Methods/design: We evaluated patients who had 18-FDG uptake in thyroid gland at...

Background: Although a number of studies show that the serum levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis decline during levothyroxine treatment, only a few provide quantitative data. The objective of the present study was to provide this information.Methods: This was a retrospective study of TPO-Ab concentrations in 44 women and 4 men (median age 45.5 years; range 17–76 years) with Hashimoto&#14...

Background: In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in response to stimulation by luteinizing hormone (LH), the ovarian theca cell synthesizes androgens. However, associations of serum androgen levels with metabolic parameters yet to be determined. We aimed to investigate these associations.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated our outpatient admission records for PCOS, hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, or secondary amenorrhea. PCOS diagnosis was made after exclud...

Background: The 4th edition of World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary tumors recommended evaluation of tumor proliferation and invasion to identify aggressiveness. We aimed to assess the relationship between Ki-67, mitotic index, P53 expression, invasion and recurrence risk in pituitary adenomas.Methods: Among 601 patients who underwent TN/TS adenomectomy between 2001 and 2016, 101 patients (16.8%) who had tumors with Ki-67 index &#8...

Introduction: Pituitary adenomas are mostly benign tumors which may be clinically functioning or non-functioning and ACTH secreting tumors make up 15% of them. Up to 20% of corticotroph adenomas which don’t have any biochemical or clinical evidence of hypercortisolism are known as silent corticotroph adenomas.Case 1: A 54 years old male presented with blurred of vision and headache that increasing in severity within six years. Physical examination a...

Background: Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is sometimes challenging and needs supportive evidence. We aimed to document laboratory findings (ratio of calcium clearance to creatinine clearance, ratio of phosphorus clearance to creatinine clearance, serum chloride to phosphorus ratio, serum alkaline phosphatase) and thyroid pathologies associated with established PHP that may provide supplementary clues to the diagnosis.Methods: We document...

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is frequently reported with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there is a controversy whether they share a common mechanism or have cause–result relationship or just are coincidental. The objective of the present study was to identify the cause of hyperprolactinemia in patients with PCOS.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated our outpatient admission records for PCOS, hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, or secondary amen...

Objectives: Pituitary gland is an uncommon site for metastasis of malignant tumors. Breast and lung are the most common cancer sites. Most pituitary metastases are asymptomatic, with only 7% symptomatic and central diabetes insipidus is the most common symptom.Case presentation: A 54 year-old woman presented with nause, emesis and diplopia to emergency department. Her relatives stated that she had poliuria, nocturia, polidipsia for three months. Her hist...