Endocrine Abstracts

In 2013, a panel of international experts in hyponatremia published our recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with hyponatremia (‘Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hyponatremia: Expert Panel Recommendations’). In 2014, a similar working group of experts from EU countries published their recommendations (‘Clinical Practice Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyponatraemia’). Despite reviewing the same evidence databases, these two grou...

Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder encountered in clinical practice, occurring in 15% to 30% of both acutely and chronically hospitalised patients. Hyponatraemia is important clinically because: 1) acute severe hyponatraemia can cause substantial morbidity and mortality; 2) mortality is higher in hyponatraemic patients with a wide range of underlying diseases; 3) overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatraemia can cause osmotic demyelination; 4) even mild &...

Numerous epidemiologic studies have associated hyponatremia with both osteoporosis and bone fractures. Disordered bone metabolism with hyponatremia occurs primarily by direct sodium-sensing mechanisms on osteoclasts that are independent from osmolality. Additional effects may be mediated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Further, even mild hyponatremia can contribute to neurological dysfunction via gait instability and increased falls, bot...

Introduction: Hyponatremia (HN) is the most common electrolyte disorder of hospitalized patients (pts). It occurs in up to 28% of in-pts, increases the in hospital risk of death by 1.47 fold, and is associated with significantly higher mortality risk following discharge. The HN Registry is the first large scale, international effort to document the clinical characteristics, treatments used, and impact of HN in hospital settings.Methods: After informed co...

Background: Hyponatremia (Na+≤134 mmol/L), the most common electrolyte derangement, is caused by inappropriate vasopressin-mediated water resorption in the kidney. Treating symptomatic hyponatremia is difficult and risky; as difficult as maintaining normal sodium levels. We tested if tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, improves hyponatremia and self-reported health outcomes.Methods: Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, plac...

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice, and evidence to date indicates that severe hyponatremia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis that included all the published studies that compared mortality rates in subjects with or without hyponatremia of any degree.Methods: An extensive Medline, Embase, and Cochrane search was perfo...

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (cDI), a rare neuroendocrine condition affecting 1 in 25.000, is characterized by deficiency of arginine vasopressin. Data about treatment-related side effects, psychological co-morbidities, and incidence of wrong management due to confusion with diabetes mellitus are scarce and limited to small studies or case series. Furthermore, increasing interest has arisen on a potential need for re-naming the condition.<p class="abstex...