Endocrine Abstracts

Case A:A 15 year old girl was found to have a sellar mass on MR in the course of investigations for secondary amenorrhoea. Prolactin was normal at 305 milliunits per litre and random coritsol was 92 nanomols per litre. She was lost to follow up, but re-presented 2 years later with lethargy and headaches. Investigations revealed hypopituitarism with low free T4, gonadotrophins, prolactin, oestradiol, and peak cortisol of 85 nanomols per litre and undetectable GH with insuli...

Androgen, a key endocrine factor that drives normal prostate gland growth, is implicated in the progression of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. However, failure to adapt androgen ablation therapy for the treatment of prostatic diseases cast doubts on our understanding of androgen role in the regulation of normal and abnormal prostate gland growth. This study was conducted to gain further insight into the role of androgen in maintaining a balanced prostatic cell...

Introduction: Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the thyroid characterised by an invasive fibrotic process.Case report: A 48-year old lady with newly diagnosed profound hypothyroidism was started on thyroxine and referred due to a rapidly enlarging goitre. Examination revealed a hard fixed goitre in an euthyroid patient. Thyroglobulin (titre 1: 10,000) and thyroid peroxidase (titre 1: 100,000) antibodies were strongly positiv...

Hyperthyroidism is a common disorder, most usually caused by Graves' Disease (GD), in which thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAB) mimic thyrotropin. Since the diagnosis of GD is made clinically and its signs and symptoms are indistinguishable from those of patients harboring an activating germline thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) mutation, incorrect diagnoses have been made. Point mutations in more than 30 residues, predominantly in exon 10, of the TSHR cause constitutivity making ...

A 54-year-old female presented to the neurologist in December 2017 with neuromuscular right arm weakness, lethargy and fascial swelling. She had a normal MRI head before being referred to the endocrine clinic with a TSH >125 mIU/l (0.27–4.2 mIU/l). Free T4 was 0.3 pmol/l (12.0–22.0) with a free T3 of <0.4 pmol/l (3.1–6.8). The thyroglobulin antibody was 1366 IU/ml (0–115) with a normal thyroid peroxidase level (TPO) 29.7 (0–34). No previous thy...

BackgroundUse of Evolocumab as a monotherapy or in combination with other lipid lowering drugs reduces LDL-C by up to 60% in patients with or without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), diabetes mellitus (DM), or coronary artery disease (CAD). Data regarding the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in MENA populations is lacking.MethodRetrospective case review of all patients initiated on Evolocumab treatment at Impe...

Background: Male hypogonadism is a frequent reason for referrals to secondary care. Work up and approach to diagnosis and treatment varies among practicing physicians and proper work up and monitoring is crucial for safe and effective Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Methods: Retrospective case reviews for all men who were prescribed TRT via secondary care endocrine unit between September 2021 and September 2022.<...

Background and Aim: Betatrophin has been observed to play an important role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, at least in adults. FGF21 is one of the members of endocrine arm of FGF family and its actions as a glucose and lipids metabolism regulator. FGF21 is rapidly emerging as an attractive target in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. They may serve as both risk factors and biomarkers of chronic metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investi...

Introduction: Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is with 75-g 2-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at presentation and at 24 to 28 weeks when the first OGTT is normal. Although HbA1C is not recommended as a diagnostic test for GDM, this was used instead of OGTT during the Covid pandemic in the United Kingdom. Hemoglobin Wayne (Hb Wayne) is a rare variant of hemoglobin which may produce falsely high HbA1C level in some assays. We report a patient who was a ca...

Background: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar less than 4mmol/l. It is defined clinically in the presence of Whipple’s triad, characterized by signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, low plasma glucose and reversal of symptoms on correction of hypoglycemia. Inpatients prevalence of hypoglycemia ranges from 3.5% to 10.5% with the majority of patients affected having diabetes and receiving insulin therapy1. Hypoglycemia is one of the side effects of intensive ...