Endocrine Abstracts

Thyroid storm is rare life-threatening clinical manifestation of endocrine dysfunction originating from excess level of thyroid hormone leading to hypermetabolic state with an incidence of 0.57-0.76/1000,000. The increase demand of metabolic activity subsequently induces, palpitations, dyspnoea, exercise intolerance and congestive heart failure. Most common cardiovascular manifestation of thyroid storm is tachycardia and atrial fibrillation occurs in up to 15% of patients. In ...

Myxoedema Coma with NAFLD secondary to poorly controlled hypothyroidism. Myxoedema coma is defined as severe hypothyroidism leading to decreased mental status, hypothermia, and other symptoms related to slowing function in multiple organs. It can culminate in severe, longstanding hypothyroidism or be precipitated by acute stressors such as infection, and surgery in patients with poorly controlled hypothyroidism. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between poorly controlled...

Background: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 is an autoimmune disorder that affects many hormone-producing (endocrine) glands. It is characterized by the presence of Addison’s disease along with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes. The initial presentation can be varied but some patient maybe present with subclinical hypothyroidism and later develop Addisonian crisis. The pathogenesis of Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 remains unclear, altho...

Background: Starvation ketoacidosis (SKA) represents one of three metabolic acidosis caused by the accumulation of ketone bodies in blood. While easily treated, it is a diagnosis that can be easily mimic diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly in the presence of hyperglycemia1.Case: We report a 54-year old female, who had been feeling unwell with ongoing nausea and vomiting, and not eating nor drinking for 5 days. She had a history of alcohol exce...

A 48-year-old male presented with headache, cough and recurrent nose bleeds. Clinical examination showed saddle shape nose deformity. His past medical history included primary hypothyroidism diagnosed at the age of 10 years, was taking levothyroxine. His brother had a Rathke’s cleft cyst, surgically removed. His blood test were as follows: Sodium 125mmol/l, TSH 0.10mU/l, free T4 10.2pmol/l, freeT3 2.6pmol/l, cortisol < 28nmol/l, prolactin 240mU/l, FSH 1.8U/l, LH 0.3U/...

Introduction: Background: Pituitary adenomas can be divided into functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA) and non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). Pituitary adenomas can also be classified based on their size as microadenoma(<1cm) or macroadenoma (>1cm).Cases: 1. A 33-year male was admitted with a 4-month history of headaches, generalized aches and pains, weight loss, lethargy, and erectile dysfunction. He was reviewed by t...

Introduction: Pituitary tumours one of the most commonly occurring intracranial neoplasms accounting for up to the 15 % of all intracranial neoplasms. Pituitary tumours are often associated with overproduction of hormones or, when they are large, they cause mass effect on surrounding neural structures which are adjacent to their typical location in the Sella turcica. Due to their multifaceted effects pituitary tumours may cause cognitive impairment due hormonal deficiency or m...

Introduction: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasms (MEN) are a group of rare hereditary tumours which have strong predisposition to endocrine organs. MEN1 is an autosomal-dominant inherited neoplasm with a broad genetic phenotype, characterised by synchronised or asynchronous triad neoplasms localised in the anterior pituitary, parathyroid and pancreas (Kamilaris and Stratakis, 2019; Li et al., 2022). Despite advances in the fields of diagnostic techniques and therapies, MEN1...

A 45-year-old female presented with secondary amenorrhea. Since menarche, her period has been irregular, which she initially managed with oral pills, which were discontinued in 2009. Subsequently, she does have complete secondary amenorrhoea. She has hirsutism at the age of 20. Which was initially well controlled with oral contraceptive pills but has been getting worse over the years. Ferriman-Gallwey’s score was high. She also stated that her weight had been steadily inc...

Introduction: Hirsutism affects 10% of the female population caused by hyperandrogenism of benign aetiologies or androgen-secreting tumours. Tumorous causes of hyperandrogenism include androgen producing ovarian or adrenal tumours. Leydig cell tumours are rare ovarian testosterone producing tumours that comprise 0.1% of total ovarian tumours. It is rare in postmenopausal women and present with features of hyperandrogenaemia or hyperestrogenemia.Case: We ...