Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Postpartum infarction of the anterior pituitary, known as Sheehan’s syndrome, is a rare cause of hypopituitarism. In many cases, the hormones deficiency is sequential which implies late diagnoses.Case Report 1: A 51-year-old woman was observed because her mother had medullary thyroid carcinoma. She had no evidence of endocrine neoplasia. Nevertheless, she was experiencing fatigue, hair loss and dry skin for several months. Her history ...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are distinct neoplasms, associated with different histological findings. Their coexistence in the same patient is a rare event, requiring a different clinical approach.Clinical case: A 72-year-old patient with no family history of thyroid disease, underwent total thyroidectomy in February 2019, due to toxic multinodular goitre, with no evidence of postoperative complica...

Introduction: Type 1 gastric endocrine tumors (T1-GET) incidence is increasing world while mainly due to widespread use of upper endoscopy. Autoimmune disease (AID) is the hallmark of T1-GET, pernicious anemia is often found at presentation. Association with lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) has been described.Aims: Retrospective evaluation of GET data from patients (pts) followed at IPO-Porto, including the presence of other AID with emphasis to LT.<p cl...

Introduction: Fine-needle biopsy(FNB) is an essential diagnostic tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, however, follicular neoplasm(FN) does not exclude malignancy. Some sonographic and cytological features have been described as being associated with increased risk of malignancy. The authors aimed to identify demographic, sonographic and cytologic features associated with malignancy in patients with a cytological diagnosis of FN.Methods: Descriptiv...

Introduction: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is characterized by a deficient secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), in which a large volume of hypotonic urine is eliminated. Pituitary metastatic disease is rare, accounting for 1% of all excised pituitary tumors and generally involves the posterior pituitary. Neoplasms that more often originate pituitary metastases are breast and lung cancer. Breast cancer (BC) is associated with pituitary secondary involvement in 5.3 to 2...

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat inflammatory diseases because they downregulate expression of numerous inflammatory mediators. This is at least partly achieved through functional interference of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with transcription factors such as NF-κB (transrepression). On the other hand, activation of transcription by GR is responsible for some of the side effects of GCs. Efforts to improve the safety profile of GCs are focused on the identificat...

Introduction: Ectopic Cushing syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine tumor is uncommon and it’s diagnosis is often delayed. Optic neuritis is another rare disease, with some cases also associated to neuroendocrine tumors.Case-report: A 43-year-old female was referred to the endocrinology outpatient’s department due to obesity. She had a past history of bilateral optic neuritis of unknown etiology. She complained of weight gain, hair loss, acne, hi...

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system, respectively. Despite a common origin, these tumors are quite heterogeneous in terms of driver mutations, copy number alterations and activated downstream-signaling pathways. Genome wide expression analysis has identified at least three main tumor clusters: a pseudo-hypoxic cluster, one with activation ...

Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is the alteration in thyroid function tests (TFTs) that occurs in critically ill patients, including those using thyrotoxic medications. Therefore, it is a challenge to interpret thyroid function tests in a critically ill patient on amiodarone. Case of 66-year-old male with history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension who presented to the emergency room due to progressive shortness of breath. Phys...

Introduction: Urinary free cortisol (UFC) determination has suboptimal sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) especially in mild Cushing’s syndrome (CS).Aim: To determine the performance of UFC and its metabolite cortisone (UFE) measured using accurate assays such as HPLC and LC–MS/MS in diagnosing patients with CS.Patients and methods: Sixty-seven patients with CS were compared to 49 sex- and age-matched non-CS. UFF and U...