Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Proton beam therapy (PBT) compared to photon-based radiotherapy (XRT) offers the benefit to administer lower radiation doses to critical organs thereby possibly minimizing the risk of sequelae in patients with residual craniopharyngiomas (CP) after hypothalamus-sparing surgery. The validation in large CP patient cohorts is still pending. Methods: Of 290 childhood-onset CP patients included 2007-2019 in the prospective multicenter trial Kranio...

Background: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare malformational tumors. The association between age at diagnosis and the outcome, clinical presentation and treatment of pediatric CP patients is not clear. The aim of this cohort study was to determine clinical presentation, outcome and quality of life in CP patients diagnosed at different AaD. Methods: Seven hundred and twenty-two patients diagnosed with CP were recruited 1999-2021 in HIT-End...

Despite significant progress, deficiencies of iron and iodine remain major public health problems affecting >30% of the global population. These deficiencies often coexist in populations. Iron deficiency has adverse effects on thyroid metabolism. Iron deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis by reducing activity of heme-dependent thyroid peroxidase. Iron-deficiency anemia blunts, and iron supplementation improves the efficacy of iodine supplementation. Studies have dem...

Introduction: Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) is a heterogeneous condition comprising primary, secondary and tertiary disease. Individuals with AI suffer more frequent infections and take longer to recover. Adrenal Crises (ACs), most commonly precipitated by infections, are an acute life-threatening complication with a reported mortality of 6%. ACs are, at least in part, potentially preventable and outcomes are improved by early initiation of high-dose glucocorticoids. Currently, t...

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals, with elimination half-lives ranging from four to eight years. Experimental studies found PFAS able to interfere with thyroid hormone-binding proteins. During the first 20 weeks of gestation (GW), the fetus is reliant on placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormones, mainly free thyroxine (FT4). However, previous studies investigating associations between exposure to PFAS and thyroid hormone stat...

Background: Many studies in Norway have found inadequate iodine status in pregnant and lactating women, but no studies have been undertaken in a random, population-based sample. Globally, the main strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency is iodization of salt. However, this is not compulsory in Norway, where the current legislation only permits iodization up to 5 μg per gram of salt. To reach the Nordic Nutrition Recommendation (NNR) of 200 μg/day iodine, supplements ...

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population in the developed world. Novel biomarkers are needed to improve the screening efficiency for the prevention and early treatment of this condition. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is considered as one of pathogenetic pathways in development of diabetic complications. AGEs are formed in the process of non-enzymatic ...

Klotho (KL) is a type-I-membrane protein required for FGF23 to bind FGFR1 and modulate mineral ion homeostasis. Loss of either KL or FGF23 results in severe mineralisation defects. We recently found that membrane KL is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, which are major sites of FGF23 syntheses. To investigate the role of bone-specific KL in mineral ion homeostasis and the progression of bone mineralisation defects in chronic kidney disease, we generated a mouse strain wi...

3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) and thyronamine (T0AM) are novel endogenous signaling molecules that exhibit great structural similarity to thyroid hormones but apparently antagonize classical thyroid hormone (T3) actions. Their proposed biosynthesis from thyroid hormones would require decarboxylation and more or less extensive deiodination. Deiodinases (Dio1, Dio2 and Dio3) catalyze the removal of iodine from their substrates. Since a role of deiod...

Upon adhesion to the zona pellucida, mammalian sperm undergo regulated exocytosis of the acrosome. Despite the difference in size, some parallels can be drawn concerning the signal transduction processes controlling the sperm acrosome reaction and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Since components of signal transduction pathways are often organized in multiprotein signalling complexes, attempts were made to identify scaffolding proteins expressed in the acrosomal region of mammalia...