Endocrine Abstracts

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic disease (Covid-19) is associated with the onset of thyroid dysfunction via multiple mechanisms. Patients hospitalised for severe Covid-19 disease may develop painless atypical thyroiditis coexisting with non-thyroidal illness syndrome, which determines transient thyrotoxicosis with quick restoration of euthyroidism during the following weeks. However signs of thyroiditis at ultrasound and sci...

Objectives: SARS CoV-2 infections have been associated with the onset of classic subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or atypical SAT, observed in 10-15% of patients hospitalized for severe COVID19 disease (COV-A-SAT) and characterized by absence of neck pain, mild thyrotoxicosis associated with non-thyroidal illness syndrome and thyroiditis-like areas which may persist in the thyroid gland up to 12 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection, despite normalization of thyroid function. Little...

In the gastroentero-pancreatic tract, a spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) exists, including low grade tumors (carcinoid), intermediate grade malignant carcinoid, and high grade poorly differentiated carcinomas of the small and large cell types. In year 2000, the WHO presented a classification scheme for all NETs, but mostly applied to gastroentero-pancreatic tumors. This term carcinoid was replaced by (neuro)endocrine tumor, malignant carcinoid by well differentiated (ne...

Introduction: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a heterogeneous group of endocrine disorders characterized by target-organ resistance to the action of PTH, manifesting with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and increased serum concentrations of PTH. PTH receptor couples with the stimulatory G protein (Gsα), leading to cAMP formation. Most cases of PHP are caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the GNAS gene, encoding Gs〈 (PHP type 1A) or methylatio...

Several hormones, including cortisol, have a circadian rhythm in plasma and saliva. Salivary cortisol is now extensively used for screening and following patients with various conditions where the regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal axis is abnormal, for example in major depression where salivary cortisol levels show a disruption or loss of the circadian rhythm.Annexin 1 is a glucocorticoid-induced protein, which is responsible for mediating...

Several hormones, including cortisol, have a circadian rhythm in plasma and saliva. Salivary cortisol is now extensively used for screening and following patients with various conditions where the regulation of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis is abnormal, for example in major depression where salivary cortisol levels show a disruption or loss of circadian rhythm. Annexin 1 is a glucocorticoid-induced protein, which is responsible for mediating several anti-inflamm...

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully elucidated. Aim of this study was to investigate whether empagliflozin is able to affect arterial stiffness/pulse wave velocity in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: Pulse wave velocity and other parameters of arterial stiffness were...

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare congenital disease caused by deficiency or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. While generally considered a long-life condition, IHH can be reversible in about 20-30% of cases, but mechanisms of reversibility are unknown. We report the case of a male with IHH who began treatment with low dose (20 mg/day) transdermal testosterone to induce pubertal development at age 18. Following the start of treatment, he experien...

In recent years, US-guided thermal ablation techniques have been proposed as a therapeutic alternative to traditional surgery or to metabolic radiotherapy for thyroid nodes. RFA is one of the most used technique and experience in both ultrasound and ultrasound interventional is important for results and minimizing complications. We present our experience after 1 year of activity on the first 33 patients with thyroid nodules treated with RFA. The nodules were evaluated by ultra...

Recently ultrasound-guide radiofrequency thermal ablation has been proposed as an effective and safe procedure for treating patients who have low risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas or are unfit for surgery. We present the case of a 56 years old patient with a small (10 mm) thyroid nodule diagnosed as TIR 4, suspect citology for papillary carcinoma after fine needle aspiration. The nodule was also studied with CEUS (Sonovue US contrast medium) which showed increased vascula...