Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Prembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, is one of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, ICIs can also trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in different organ systems, including endocrine glands. While thyroid dysfunction is among the most common endocrinopathies reported, ICI-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) is extremely rare, with an overall incidence ranging from 0.9 to 2%.</p...

Introduction: Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors arising from adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Pheochromocytomas are a serious clinical condition and undiagnosed cases are associated with increased unexpected cardiovascular mortality.Case report: A female Caucasian patient aged 52-year-old was referred to the endocrine department of a public central hospital because of an incidental right adrenal mass first found 3 years before during the work out of non...

Introduction: Catecholamine secreting tumors are rare neoplasias. About 15% are paragangliomas. If untreated, they are almost invariably lethal. Surgery is the only curative therapy.Case report: A female caucasian patient aged 32 was evaluated in the endocrine department. She had a dramatic medical history: Fallot’s Tetralogy was diagnosed soon after birth but was not corrected. Only a Blalock-Taussing shunt was performed after three isquemic stroke...

Introduction: Fahr syndrome (FS) is a neuropsiquiatric condition due to progressive basal ganglia calcification. Although physiopathology is not completely understood, it may be secondary to infectious, metabolic and genetic diseases.Case report: A 65-year-old male Caucasian was referred to the outpatient endocrine department because of hypocalcaemia. No perioral paresthesia or tingling of the fingers and toes were noticed. He complained of longstanding ...

Introduction: Cushing syndrome (CS) result from inappropriate exposure to increased non regulated glucocorticoid levels. It remains challenging regarding diagnosis and management. Pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas account for most of the cases if exogenous and paraneoplasic forms are excluded.Case report: A 45-year-old women was referred to the endocrine outpatient department because of obesity, muscular weakness, high blood pressure (HBP), diabetes ...

Introduction: Postpartum infarction of the anterior pituitary, known as Sheehan’s syndrome, is a rare cause of hypopituitarism. In many cases, the hormones deficiency is sequential which implies late diagnoses.Case Report 1: A 51-year-old woman was observed because her mother had medullary thyroid carcinoma. She had no evidence of endocrine neoplasia. Nevertheless, she was experiencing fatigue, hair loss and dry skin for several months. Her history ...

Introduction: Androgen secreting neoplasms of the ovary are rare and usually show autonomous secretion. Steroid cell tumors of the ovary represent less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors and are a subgroup of sex cord-stromal tumors. In most cases, patients present with androgenic clinical features.Case report: A 58-year-old woman complained of rapid onset of androgenic alopecia, excessive hirsutism and clitoromegaly. Endocrine assessment showed high levels...

Introduction: Thyroid hormones play an important role in bone metabolism. The potential action of prolonged levothyroxine therapy on bone mass reduction is still a matter of debate.Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of levothyroxine treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical bone turnover markers.Methods: We determined thyroid function – TSH and free T4 (FT4), r...

Introduction: Ectopic Cushing syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine tumor is uncommon and it’s diagnosis is often delayed. Optic neuritis is another rare disease, with some cases also associated to neuroendocrine tumors.Case-report: A 43-year-old female was referred to the endocrinology outpatient’s department due to obesity. She had a past history of bilateral optic neuritis of unknown etiology. She complained of weight gain, hair loss, acne, hi...

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is highly prevalent during hospitalization of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and has been associated with increased risk of hypoglycaemia in Intensive Care Units. However, this association in non-critically ill patients is less clear and evidence on the impact of AKI’s severity and duration on hypoglycaemia is lacking.Objectives: To assess the impact of AKI and its severity and duration on the risk of hy...