Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Fahr’s Syndrome, also known as striopallidodentate calcinosis is a rare form of neurological disorder characterized by abnormal calcified deposits in basal ganglia, cerebellar and cerebral cortex. Its prevalence goes from 2 to 12.5%. Etiology of this disorder is very wide and involves endocrinopathy, mitochondrial myopathies dermatological abnormalities, infectious disease or may be idiopathic. We present a case of a patient with diffuse brain calcifications d...

Background: Nephrocalcinosis is characterized by the deposition of calcium products in kidney parenchyma and tubules. It may cause acute or chronic kidney injury or be incidentally detected radiographically in a patient with normal kidney function. Most patients with nephrocalcinosis do not progress to end-stage kidney disease, but with certain underlying conditions, may be associated with progressive kidney dysfunction.Methods: The patient was diagnosed...

Introduction: Occult papillary carcinomas are small thyroid carcinomas (<1 cm) diagnosed after an initial manifestation of lymph nodes or distant metastasis. We report two cases of patients with this pattern of clinical presentation.Case description: The first case is a 21-year-old woman, with a one-year history of a growing cervical cyst. Fine needle aspiration of the cyst showed metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer. She had no previous history ...

Introduction: Basal ganglia calcification or Fahr’s Syndrome is a rare form of neurological disorder. Its prevalence goes from 2 to 12.5 %. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (from metabolic disorders especially from hypoparathyroidism).We present the case of a female patient with hypoparathyroidism and secondary Fahr’s Disease.Case description: The patient L.J. 61 years old, from Pogradec, Albania, who came to the emergency room wit...

Introduction: Selenium is a mineral that plays a key role in the intracellular reactions of the thyroid. Some selenium-based proteins have a protective antioxidant function in thyrocytes. Likewise, Selenium is incorporated into deiodinases, helping in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Through its antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties, selenium affects the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Graves Disease. Supplementation with selenium is often prescrib...

Introduction: APS-2 is the most common autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. It is characterized by the presence of various endocrine-related diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease, primary hypogonadism, and, in rarer cases, hypoparathyroidism or hypopituitarism.Case report: Our patient is a 38-year-old female with a medical history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT1) for 13 years, Hashimoto’s thyr...

Background: We present a rare case of a 64-year-old patient diagnosed with longstanding untreated Graves’ disease and co-occurrence of metastatic thyroid cancer. Very few cases are reported in literature where the thyrotoxicosis in due to the distant metastasis and optimal treatment remains challenging.Case Presentation: The patient came to the endocrine unit for thyrotoxicosis treatment. He was diagnosed with Graves’ disease and following trea...

Introduction: Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease with progressive clinical course involving the neuromuscular and endocrine system. Individuals with FA have an increased risk of developing diabetes. In FA-associated diabetes, both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance have been reported. We present a case with FA, presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as the first presentation of diabetes mellitus.Case Presentati...

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a well- known and a major acute complication of diabetes, mainly of the patients with type 1 diabetes. It is not uncommon in patients with type 2 diabetes. This situation is characterised by the presence of serum ketones greater than 5 mEq/l and ketonuria, a blood glucose level greater than 250 mg/dl, a blood PH less than 7.3 and a serum bicarbonate level of less than 18 mEq/l. There are different factors that cause ketoacidosis. DKA can be the initial...

Thyrotoxicosis is characterised by the excess of thyroid hormones into blood. The most extreme appearance of it, is thyroid storm which is presented as an acute, severe, life-threatening, hypermetabolic state caused by the added quantities of thyroid hormones, causing adrenergic hyperactivity and abnormal periphery response of thyroid hormones. The incidence of thyroid storm is evaluated at 0.2/100000 in year. The mortality of untreated thyroid storm varies from 80–100% w...