Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Although thyroid nodules (TN) are less common in children than in adults, the risk of malignancy is much higher in pediatric age and therefore representing greater concern in this age group.Objective: Evaluate a cohort of pediatric patients with TN and search differences between subjects with malignant and benign TN regarding sex, age, compressive symptoms, cervical ultrasound characteristics, family history of differentiated thyroid cancer...

Background: Hypomagnesemia is common in patients with diabetes; possibly due to higher renal magnesium excretion in those patients. Hypomagnesemia seems to correlate with poor glycaemic control. The relationship between urinary magnesium (UMg) and glycaemic control is not known. We aimed to study the association between UMg and glycaemic control in a type 1 diabetes (T1D) pediatric population.Methods: Study of a pediatric population with T1D attending th...

Background: There is evidence that dietary interventions can reduce antibody levels in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), which can have a beneficial effect on the clinical manifestations of the disease. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the different types of dietary supplementations and their effectiveness in the management of ATDs.Methods: Using a predefined search strategy, four databases were searched (PubMed,...

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by the triad – ketonemia, metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia. It is typically associated with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) and the most common culprits are infections and poor therapeutic compliance.Clinical Case DescriptionThe present case deals with a 25–year–old female patient, with T1D diagnosed in 2008, without microvascular or macrovascular compl...

Introduction: Grave´s disease (GD) is the most prevalent cause of hyperthyroidism, leading to inflammation of the thyroid gland and sometimes to an enlargement of the nearest lymph nodes caused by that same inflammatory process. Peripheral lymphadenopathy of doubtful cause presents a diagnostic dilemma. There are many potential causes: biopsy is sometimes the best way to reach a definitive diagnosis. Tuberculous adenitis is usually regional and mainly affects nodes of the...

Introduction: Precocious pubarche is defined as pubic hair onset before age eight in girls and age nine in boys. In 5–20% of cases the cause is late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LO-CAH), which is due mainly to non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. If not promptly diagnosed, it can lead to accelerated bone maturation, short final height, and in adulthood to severe acne, hirsutism and infertility.Case report: Adolescent male, 15 years-old, h...

Introduction: Obesity has been associated with increased androgenicity in women, however there are conflicting data on this subject. Objectives: To determine whether any androgen is independently related to body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or age. To access if there is an association between elevated plasma androgen levels and the presence of either morbid obesity or metabolic syndrome (MS).Design and Methods: A total of 148 obese women we...

A positive association between thyrotropin (TSH) secretion and body-mass index (BMI) was previously reported. There are many studies concerning thyroid function in obesity, and some of them describe higher TSH levels in obese subjects.Evaluation of the hypothyroidism prevalence in a sample of obese women in their first obesity appointment at Hospital São João.Anthropometric variables and serum levels of TSH, free triiodot...

The neuropsychological mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in hypothyroidism is poorly understood. It is not known whether cognitive impairment resolves following L-Thyroxine (LT4) replacement. It is also unknown whether similar neuropsychological abnormalities occur in patients with sub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH). To address these questions, we performed neuropsychological tests in 17 patients with hypothyroidism (age 45±3 years; mean±S.E.M.)...

Glucocorticoid (GC) excess is associated with significant brain morphological changes including loss of volume and cerebral atrophy. These effects correlate with the degree and duration of GC elevation1. The neuropsychological abnormalities associated with GC excess, however, remain poorly understood2. Patients with Cushing’s syndrome represent a useful model in which to study the effects of severe and prolonged GC excess.We pr...