Endocrine Abstracts

Opportunities for applications of nanomedicine in diabetes are numerous. In type 1 diabetes, improved insulin replacement is urgently needed, but transplantation of islet cells is not routine, limited by availability of human islets and immune rejection. Longer survival of transplanted islets might be ensured by nano-encapsulation technologies which protect the islets from early cell death caused by the inflammatory in vivo environment and isolate against later immune r...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) affects 0.3% of the population. It is characterised by hypercalcaemia with an inappropriately high parathyroid hormone level. The majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are asymptomatic and are diagnosed following an incidental finding of hypercalcaemia. Symptomatic disease is related to hypercalcaemia and can present with complications such as renal calculi and osteoporosis. Parathyroidectomy is the treatment of ...

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has shown to be associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study was undertaken to determine the changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with PCOS after rimonabant and/or metformin treatment.Methods: A 3 month randomised open labelled parallel study of rimonabant or metformin in 20 patients with PCOS with a body mass index >30 kg/m2 was undertaken. Subsequen...

Introduction: FNA cytology are done for solitary nodule or a dominant nodule in MNG.FNA classified in 5 groups (THY1 to THY5). FNA labelled as THY1 and THY2 should have repeat FNA. We have studied the FNA cytology over the period of 5 years. They are done in clinical settings by physician, surgeon or radiologist. Aim: To assess the trust practice of FNA cytology in Thyroid swelling and compare them with standards.Methods: Data were collected from patholo...

Introduction: KAL1 is essential for GnRH neuronal migration and olfactory bulb development, and mutations within this gene have been implicated in 5% of Kallmann syndrome (KS) cases, a disorder characterized by the association of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with anosmia. It is the only identified X-linked form of the disorder and as a result only KS males had been screened for mutations until recently, when females exhibiting KS phenotypes were screened and subsequen...

Enzymatic 5′- and 5-deiodination represent key pathways for local and systemic and local activation and inactivation of iodothyronines and iodothyronamines. Expression of the three respective deiodinases (DIO) is regulated by thyroid parameters, local and systemic inflammatory status as well as by selenium supply. In addition, the DIO isoenzymes are intended but also unanticipated target proteins of pharmacological, nutritive and environmental substances that might inter...

Vasopressin acts through G protein-coupled receptors on the cardiovascular and renal system to induce vasoconstriction and antidiuresis. Vasopressin also has important functions within the CNS influencing cognition, olfaction and a range of complex social interactions and behaviours. In addition, vasopressin has been reported in the mammalian retina and here we investigated the location and expression of vasopressin and vasopressin receptors (V1a, V1b, and V2) in the rat retin...

Introduction: Functional GH deficiency has been described in fibromyalgia (FM). The efficacy of GH as add-on treatment has been suggested in small studies, but little is known in larger and homogeneous populations.Design: Patients (120) were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial for 18 months (NCT00933686). FM impact questionnaire (FIQ) >75 (severe), duration of FM >18 months, and stability of the standard therapy (amitr...

Introduction: GH and its receptor (GHR) are expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eyes of chick embryos, and in mouse, rat and human eyes. Within the retina, exogenous GH has neuroprotective actions, mediated by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms that may also be dependent upon IGF1 signaling. Conversely, the immunoneutralization of endogenous GH promotes apoptosis in the retina and in isolated RCGs. The functional relevance of retinal GH was furt...

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency is one of the most common autosomal recessive hereditary diseases. There are two main forms of CAH: early onset, the classic variety, and late onset or non classic type. Here, we aim to describe the case of a young lady with features of both varieties of CAH.Case report: Twenty-three-year-lady of Asian descent presented with polymenorrhagia since menarche (age 13 years), ...