Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are hormone-secreting cells within the intestinal epithelium that play an important role in regulating food absorption, insulin secretion and appetite. To understand the molecular mechanism governing the function of EECs, it is important to investigate cell-type-specific gene expression. The aim of this study was to identify the transcriptome of human EEC populations from organoid culture.Methods: To label the f...

Insulin resistance is one of the metabolic pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus which cause neurodegeneration, due to its effects on insulin signaling pathway. The present study focused on the intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce insulin resistance directly in brain, accounting for alteration in insulin signaling pathway and thus the possible therapeutic effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum on the impairment hippocampus of diabetic r...

We present a case of a 54-year-old man who was urgently referred to A&E by his general practitioner with very low calcium of 1.32 mmol/l (normal 2.20–2.60 mmol/l). His only past medical history of note was of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS), which presented as optic neuritis six months ago. His initial investigations included high phosphate level of 2.0 mmol/l (normal 0.8–1.5), normal vitamin D levels (76 mmol/l) and a very low 24-hour urine calcium of...

Background: Inappropriately high aldosterone in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is due to increased aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) activity. Selective in vivo imaging of overexpressed CYP11B2 in adrenals with positron emission tomography (PET) has not yet been achieved due to close homology of enzymes involved in aldosterone and cortisol (CYP11B1) synthesis.Aim: Synthesize a fluorine-18 labelled highly selective CYP11B2 inhibitor, [18...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by increased glucose levels, mostly either due to insulin deficiency (type 1 DM) or a decreasing ability of insulin receptor binding (type 2 DM) or both. Biomarker measurements such as fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c are vital to detect and monitor DM. In addition to these parameters and antibody testing, insulin determination has been used for classifying different types of DM. However, the disadvantage of in...

Background: Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential micronutrient required for optimal hematopoietic, neurologic and other several metabolic reactions. Longitudinal studies and animal models showed that low maternal vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with the maternal obesity, development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome phenotype. Although the mechanisms underpinning metabolic disorders remain poorly defined, it has become increasingly cle...

Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common clinical problem defined as an elevation in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) with normal circulating free thyroid hormone levels. Empiric treatment of mild subclinical hypothyroidism (mSCH) is controversial.Objective: To evaluate the change in the levothyroxine prescribing rate and TSH testing following a decrease in the TSH reference range from 6 to 4 mU/L in a large urban center.<p class="abstex...

Background: Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential micronutrient required for optimal hematopoietic, neurologic and other several metabolic reactions. Longitudinal studies and animal models showed that low maternal vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with the maternal obesity, development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome phenotype. Although the mechanisms underpinning metabolic disorders remain poorly defined, it has become increasingly cle...

Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common clinical problem defined as an elevation in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) with normal circulating free thyroid hormone levels. Empiric treatment of mild subclinical hypothyroidism (mSCH) is controversial.Objective: To evaluate the change in the levothyroxine prescribing rate and TSH testing following a decrease in the TSH reference range from 6 to 4 mU/L in a large urban center.<p class="abstex...

Pregnancies affected by GDM commonly result in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants, which have an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic complications. The mechanisms responsible are unclear but are associated with altered placental physiology. We have previously reported that miRNAs, including pancreatic specific miR-375, are altered in maternal serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) prior to the onset of LGA, and in term placenta. We assessed maternal pancreatic-derive...