Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Alpelisib is an α-selective PI3K inhibitor indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal women and men with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth receptor 2-negative (HER2–), PIK3CA-mutated locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer following disease progression or after endocrine therapy. Hyperglycemia is the most common adverse event (up to 60%) associated with its use. It occurs more frequently and lasts longer in patients with pred...

Objective: To outline the risk factors, the epidemiological profile, and the classification of diabetes type two foot ulcer.Methods: A prospective observational study, including all the people that sought out in a consecutive way, a tertiary diabetic foot service, from February 2002 until September 2012. At admission, the patients were examined and had their ulcers evaluated by only one observer, in accordance with the University of Texas classification....

Introduction: Unconjugated oestriol (uE3) is often measured in maternal serum during second trimester prenatal screening. While oestriol itself has little physiological importance, low values can indicate the presence of a disorder in feto-placental synthesis with potential health implications. Fetal steroids pass through the maternal circulation and into the urine so analysis of maternal fluids can be used for diagnosing causes of low oestriol.<p class="...

Background: Regular physical exercise during childhood and adolescence can promote growth and development of muscle and bone mass. Although physical exercise is closely linked to the anabolic function of the GH /IGF-I axis the real impact of resistance training on GH/IGF axis is still unclear. The kinetics of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 during chronic training is not fully understood yet and an initial catabolic phase followed by an later anabolic phase has been reported in swimmers.</p...

Introduction: Simple aspiration is the first-line treatment used for benign cystic thyroid nodules. However, a high recurrence rate has been reported with this procedure. When this happens, percutaneous ethanol injection into the nodules has proven to be an effective technique which can reach a volume reduction of about 85% (Kim et al., Eur Radiol. 2012 Jul;22(7):1573–8).Material and methods: Descriptive analysis of percutaneous 96° et...

The ingestion of high-fat diet has been considered a crucial factor in the genesis of subclinical systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. The resistance training (RTr) can be an effective tool for the prevention and treatment of immune-metabolic disorders through physiological and morphological adaptations. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of RTr and cessation of training on muscle inflammation and expression of genes related to glucose metabol...

Introduction: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) TNM classification categorizes lymph nodes (LN) according to their location, but does not consider number and size of LN.Objective: To analyze the relationship between number and size of LN in MCT persistent disease (PD).Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients with MTC followed up in a regional hospital from 1985 to 2015. The main variables (expressed as qualitative in freq...

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is the commonest inborn error in steroid biosynthesis. It is caused by mutations in the 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21A2). A good genotype–phenotype correlation exists allowing for prediction of the expressed adrenal phenotype. We performed functional and structural analysis of six novel CYP21A2 variants (p.Trp22Cys; p.Asp184Asn; p.Leu198Phe; p.Val305Gly; p.His310Asn; p.Thr443Asn), i...

The importance of cell cycle regulation in pituitary biology has been suggested from the fact that many gene-targeted mouse models of cell cycle mutations develop diverse pituitary pathologies. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb)/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) pathway, one of the major mitogen-sensor routes in the cell, seems to be critical in the control of pituitary cell proliferation. Both inactivation of pRb or hyperactivation of Cdk4 result in pituitary hyperplasias or tum...

Ghrelin and GHRH are two hormones involved in the growth hormone (GH) secretion through their respective receptors. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor subtype 1a (GHS-R1a) is involved in biological actions exerted by ghrelin triggering intracellular second messengers coupled to Gαq/11 protein. In this work, we analyzed the possible interaction between GHRH and GHS-R1a as well as the subsequent intracellular pathways. The results showed that GHRH induced, ...