Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D) reduces the risk of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia remains a treatment-limiting factor. Impared hypoglycemia awareness (IHA) occurs in 25% of T1D cases and seems to be underestimated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Glycemic variability (GV) is a increasingly valued parameter as a predictor of hypoglycemia and risk of chronic complications.Objective: Analysi...

Introduction: Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) is a rare form of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) characterized by childhood-onset progressive polydipsia and polyuria due to mutations in the arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II (AVP-NPII) gene.Case description: Two male siblings were referred at 1 month of age to exclude CDI owing to a family history of CDI in the father and paternal grandfather. The proband was the fa...

Introduction: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) has been considered to be the gold standard for differential diagnosis of Cushing’s Disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS).Aim: To describe the experience of our centre in performing IPSS, its safety and efficacy; assess remission rates from transphenoidal surgery and clinical course; approach to the difficulty in the etiological diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s Syndrome.<p c...

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent cause of infertility. Its influence on the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is controversial, and generally not isolated from the effect of obesity. A relationship between the FSH receptor (FSHR) polymorphism Asn680Ser and the risk and phenotype of PCOS has been studied with conflicting results.Objectives: To analyze the influence of obesity and PCOS on the gonadal axis...

Introduction and objectives: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a very low overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) due to fast growth and resistance to non-target therapies. A recent phase II study showed a dramatic increase in OS and PFS of BRAF V600E mutated ATC patients treated with Dabrafenib and Trametinib (DT). However as commonly reported in melanoma durable responses in ATC may be compromised by resistance mechanisms. Until now only a few ca...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and insulin resistance (IR) in kidney cells are considered the main cause of end-stage renal failure. Additionally, hyperglycemia and increased fatty (FA) acids are observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, where lipid accumulation has been correlated to IR. Nonetheless, the impact of IR in early disease stages is still unclear. Moreover, proximal renal tubular cells have high mitochondrial content where aerobic respiration is their primary ...

Obesity is associated with peripheral and central low grade inflammation characterized by the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) modulates the inflammatory responses and its inhibitor can strongly reduce TNF release and inflammation. Additionally, PDE4 knockout mice were shown to be resistant to diet-induced obesity (DIO). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of central and peripheral effec...

Introduction: Immunotherapy has demonstrated a key role in the current individualized treatment of multiple neoplasms, with adverse events related to the endocrine. Thyroid dysfunction is the most frequent reported endocrine event during treatment with pembrolizumab, being autoimmune diabetes an extremely rare adverse effect.Case Report: We present a case of a 72-year-old man with a progressing urothelial bladder carcinoma (stage IIIB), under treatment w...

Introduction: Riedel’s thyroiditis (RT) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a dense fibrosis that replaces normal thyroid parenchyma. The most common manifestation is a stony hard thyroid mass, commonly associated with compressive symptoms. Histological confirmation is essential for diagnosis and the main differential diagnosis is the anaplastic thyroid cancer. The management is challenging and there is no agreed standard treatment, since only a few ca...

Background and aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication that affects 40% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Emerging evidence suggests a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of DKD. In this context, miR-15a-5p and miR-30e-5p have been shown to regulate the expression of the uncoupling protein 2, a mitochondrial protein that decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by mitochondria. Since ROS overproduction is a key cont...