Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Maternal B12 deficiency is linked with adverse metabolic disorders in infants. B12 has a potential epigenetic role which could influence placental dysfunction and fetal metabolism. Adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin play a major role in placental development by regulating lipid metabolism. Alterations in in-utero programming develop risk to obesity and metabolic diseases in offspring. B12 deficiency in mothers has been linked with higher cor...

Background: Vitamin B12 is crucial for placental development and fetal growth. B12 deficiency is associated with maternal obesity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. B12 is essential for the synthesis of S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) which serves as a methyl donor in various cellular processes including DNA and RNA methylation. Pregnant women with low B12 have higher triglycerides, lower HDL and lower DNA methylation of cholesterol transcription factor. However, the...

Thyroid hormones (TH) reduce liver steatosis. As steatosis is the initial step of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), we hypothesized that TH treatment could ameliorate ALD. Wildtype (WT) mice were treated with either ethanol (EtOH) or liquid control diet for 10 days followed by a single EtOH or maltose binge on day 11. In both groups, diet was supplemented with either T3 or solvent. Serum triglycerides (TG) were increased by EtOH and, surprisingly, further elevated by T3. Liver we...

Objective: To study time-dependent changes in the prevalence and patient characteristics of acromegaly, as well as to access the impact of changes in treatment on disease control.Methods: A total of 107 patients with acromegaly were identified by healthcare registries and subsequently validated by patient chart review over a three-decade period (1992-2021).Results: The prevalence of acromegaly significantly increased throughout the...

Phthalate exposure is associated with thyroid function during pregnancy through a novel pathway as a hCG disruptor.Objectives: hCG stimulates thyroid function in pregnancy and phthalates are known thyroid disruptors. We investigated if phthalate exposure could act as a thyroid disruptor through affecting hCG.Methods: This study was embedded in the prospective Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy ...

Background: Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) require lifelong glucocorticoid replacement therapy, including stress dose adjustment to prevent life-threatening adrenal crises (AC). Previous studies indicate a high incidence of inadequate stress dose adjustment and AC in patients with CAH. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess AC incidence, frequency and details of stress dose adjustment as well as knowledge of the d...

Background: Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is an acquired form of severe obesity that can occur following surgical resection of or radiotherapy for brain tumors and is often unresponsive to lifestyle modifications or traditional obesity pharmacotherapies. Here, we report weight- and body composition–related findings from a Phase 2 trial of setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist, in patients with HO.Methods: A Phase 2, open-label, 16-week trial ...

Background: Hypothalamic injury and impaired melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway signaling, often a result of surgery or radiation for a benign tumor, may lead to hypothalamic obesity (HO). After injury, sudden weight gain and appetite changes unresponsive to existing therapies develop. Setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, is approved for chronic weight management in patients with certain MC4R pathway–associated diseases. We report interim results of a Phase 2 study of setm...

Objective: To evaluate the value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism (CH) in patients with pituitary disease.Methods: Systematic evaluation of 368 TRH tests including measurements of TBG corrected thyroxine (T4corr), baseline TSH (TSH0) and fold and absolute TSH increase (TSHfold, TSHabsolute) in patients with pituitary disease.Result...

Objective: To report hunger-related results from a Phase 2 trial of setmelanotide in patients with hypothalamic obesity (HO).Methods: A Phase 2, open-label, 16-week trial of setmelanotide in patients aged ≥6 to ≤ 40 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile (aged <18 years) or ≥35 kg/m2 (aged ≥18 years) and HO caused by hypothalamic damage secondary to brain tumor, surgical resection, and/or chemothera...