Endocrine Abstracts

Implementation strategies for the elimination of iodine deficiency in the last 10 years in Belarus has achieved the WHO evaluation criteria. This was made possible by the universal use of iodized salt in food manufacturing, food service of all types and the availability of its free-trade network salt addition.The aim of this work was to study the iodine daily intake from food, as one of the measures to monitor iodine supply of the population.<p class...

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) can impair concentration and memory skills. If this is a case among adolescents it may impair learning abilities, which in turn may be the cause of poorer performance on various tests and exams. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SCH in teenage girls attending the gymnasia in the city of Starogard Gdański.Material and methods: In total 487 girls (age range 11.5–14.7 ...

Aim: To investigate the trend of HbA1c levels of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes paediatric patients in Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.Methodology: The Infoflex diabetes database was used to collate information on the type 1 diabetes paediatric patients, diagnosed in Gloucester NHS Trust between September 2015 and December 2017. The cohort totalled 74. Their HbA1c levels at diagnosis, 4–7 weeks, 3–4 months, 6–8 months and 1...

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is derived from selective cleavage of the preproglucagon (PPG) molecule synthesised in intestinal L-cells. The physiological action of GLP-1 is most commonly recognised as a peripherally released incretin, but a subset of neurons in the lower brainstem, the PPG neurons, also express GLP-1. The majority of PPG neuronal cell bodies are located in the nucleus of the solitary tract and their axons project to numerous sites throughout the CNS. Many o...

Vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), the antidiuretic and natriuretic hormone, respectively, maintain the osmotic homeostasis. These molecules are synthesized in the magnocellular neurons (MCNs) of the supraoptic nuclei (SON) in the hypothalamus, transported via the axons toward the neural lobe of hypophysis (NLH) and released into the blood stream.Dp71 is the major form of dystrophins in the SON and NLH, where it was located in the glial-end-feet and end...

During the last years, bone turnover markers (BTMs) have gained importance as surrogate markers to monitor both anti-resorptive and anabolic treatment, and may be used in conjunction with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in clinical practice. The two most widely utilized BTMs are pro-collagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP), which reflects osteoblast activity, and C-terminal-cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), which corresponds to the osteoclastic fu...

Environmental pollution by microplastics has been transcending usual stakeholders (such as policymakers and scientists) to become a public concern. The conspicuous, widespread occurrence of (micro)plastics together with the publicization by the media of its potential impacts on wildlife and human health have contributed for this state of affairs. Microplastics, typically defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have been detected throughout the marine, freshwater and te...

Cushing’s disease (CD) and Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) stem from excess circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and resulting hypercortisolemia. In CD, excess ACTH is secreted from pituitary tumors, whereas excess ACTH in EAS arises from nonpituitary tumors. ACTH acts on the adrenal melanocortin type 2 (MC2) receptor to control the synthesis and secretion of adrenal hormones, including the stress hormone cortisol (corticosterone in rats) which accounts for the com...

Context: Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have excess mortality and morbidity, mainly due to cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms for this is unclear.Objective: To assess cardiovascular structure and function in AI patients on conventional replacement therapy and after switching to once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone (OD-HC).Methods: The analysis included 17 adult AI patients (11 with primary AI, 7 with secondary...

Objective: To compare the impact of 4 surgical procedures (mini gastric bypass [MGB], sleeve gastrectomy [SG], ileal transposition [IT], and transit bipartition [TB]) versus medical management on gut peptide secretion, beta cell function, and resolution of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Research design and methodsA mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) was administered 6–24 months after each surgical procedure (mini gast...